Table 4.
Results of univariate and multivariate Cox-proportional hazard analysis of clinico-pathological parameters and BMP-2 expression were differentially expressed with regard to the biochemical recurrence-free interval after radical prostatectomy.
| Variable | Univariate | Multivariate | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | p value | HR (95% CI) | p value | |
| Age | 1.016 (0.963–1.072) | 0.566 | N/A | N/A |
| Initial PSA | 1.000 (0.943–1.059) | 0.987 | N/A | N/A |
| Immediate hormone treatment | 0.462 (0.206–1.034) | 0.060 | N/A | N/A |
| GS | ||||
| 6 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 7 | 3.000 (1.229–7.322) | 0.016 | 2.836 (1.159–6.936) | 0.022 |
| ≥8 | 5.081 (1.541–16.757) | 0.008 | 3.506 (1.013–12.131) | 0.048 |
| T stage (>T2c) | 2.718 (1.335–5.534) | 0.006 | 1.795 (0.850–3.789) | 0.125 |
| PSM | 2.032 (0.717–5.763) | 0.182 | N/A | N/A |
| Decreased BMP-2 | 2.348 (1.218–4.527) | 0.011 | 2.007 (1.008–3.997) | 0.047 |
BMP = bone morphogenetic proteins; CI = confidence interval; HR = hazard ratio; PSA = prostate-specific antigen; N/A = not applicable; PSM = positive surgical margin; GS = Gleason’s score.