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. 2018 Jul 16;9:2755. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05044-4

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Identification of residual molecular signatures. a Comparison of residual molecular signatures across treatments. b Meta-features of residual molecular signatures were differentially expressed in RA after drug treatment. Meta-features of residual molecular signatures were quantified by summarizing residual transcripts and proteins via the ssGSEA method. The levels of meta-features between RA and HC or before and after treatment were tested by Welch’s t-test or the paired t-test, respectively. The asterisk represents a p value <0.05. The upper, center, and lower line of the boxplot indicates 75%, 50%, and 25% quantile, respectively. The upper and lower whisker of the boxplot indicates 75% quantile +1.5 * interquartile range (IQR) and 25% quantile −1.5 * IQR. c Remission parameters associated with residual molecular signatures. The levels of meta-features for residual molecular signatures were associated with DAS28-ESR, CDAI, and HAQ-DI before and after treatment (Spearman’s correlation; n = 30; *p < 0.05)