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. 2018 Jul 16;8:10690. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-29112-3

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Histological images (100×) of tertiary dentin formation 28 days after direct pulp capping using 1 µg/ml of dentin matrix components (DMCs) treated with matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 (A), MMP-2 (B), MMP-3 (C), MMP-8 (D), MMP-9 (E), MMP-13 (F), MMP-20 (G), or incubated DMCs without MMP (H). Higher magnification image (200×) of 1 µg/ml of DMCs digested with MMP-20 (I). 1 µg/ml of DMCs treated with MMP-1, -9, -13, or -20 facilitated hard tissue repair, compared with 1 µg/ml of DMCs treated with other MMPs or incubated DMCs without MMP, based on the rate of coverage of the exposed pulp by tertiary dentin (p < 0.05) (see online Supplementary Tables 1 and 2). In particular, 1 µg/ml of DMCs treated with MMP-20 induced a significantly higher condense and more regular tubular structure. Significant differences were not observed with lower concentrations (0.01–0.1 µg/ml) of the above-described MMPs. These data represent six independent experiments. Arrows indicate dentinal tubules. C = cavity, D = dentin, DB = Tertiary dentin bridge, P = pulp.