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. 2018 Jul 16;9:2752. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05144-1

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — Ex situ observation of the recovery of the hydrogenated shell on TiO₂ NPs. a–d Low magnification (top row) and high-resolution (second row) TEM images of dried TiO₂ NPs after photocatalytic reaction with UV illumination in water for 0, 12, 16, and 24 h, respectively. Fourier transform (FT) patterns from the surface (third row) and internal bulk areas (fourth row) of the corresponding high-resolution TEM images in a–d, showing the TiO₂, Ti₂O₃, and TiO structures, respectively. e, f HAADF image for the dried TiO₂ NPs after photocatlytic reactions in water (for 16 h). The EELS were acquired from the surface (red dot in e and red spectrum in f), and internal bulk (green dot in e, and the green curve in f)