Figure 4.

Exercise heat production and dissipation, or thermoregulation. Upon exercise, male and female mice consumed similar calories during the incremental test (A) without any evident impact of the estrous cycle. (B) Experiments were conducted in a controlled temperature and humidity environment. (C) The thermal IR image shows an evident tail heating after the maximum exercise (or recovery time, REC, E) in relation to rest. (D) The body and tail temperature was not different at rest (F and G, respectively). Exercise warmed the body of females at estrus (H) and the tails of all groups of mice (I). Again, female tail heating was larger at estrous (I). Values are expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). N = 8–10 animals/group. *P < 0.05 (ANOVA, Bonferroni post hoc test).