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. 2018 Jul 16;8:10703. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-29109-y

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Phenotype of Slc39a8(+/+), Slc39a8(+/neo), and Slc39a8(neo/neo) littermates. (A) GD16.5 pups with corresponding placentas below. Slc39a8(neo/neo) mice were remarkably abnormal – showing deformed skull and shortened limbs, as well as severe anemia, from the time during development that an embryonal sac can first be observed. (B) Newborns, postnatal day 1 – shortly before death of the Slc39a8(neo/neo) homozygote. Compared with Slc39a8(+/+) wild-type and Slc39a8(+/neo) heterozygotes that are pink in color and normal in size, the Slc39a8(neo/neo) littermates are extremely pale, show stunted growth, and deformed skulls and limbs. Slc39a8(neo/neo) liver, kidney, lung, spleen, cerebrum and cerebellum were all statistically significantly smaller in size than that in Slc39a8(+/+) or Slc39a8(+/neo) littermates¹³. For the RNA-seq analysis described herein, Slc39a8(+/neo) littermates were not studied.