Table 1.

Color coordinates of fabrics dyed via SFD, DAFS, and DD processes.

Dyeing process	L	a	b	ΔE	K/S
Control	89.90	0.14	2.09		0.36
SFD1	21.31	9.16	–26.39	74.81	22.01
DAFS2	34.71	7.75	–29.07	63.83	7.89
DD3	30.98	9.06	–30.43	67.88	10.67
Incubation time (h)	SFD
0	89.90	0.14	2.09	0.36
24	60.04	3.17	–18.97	36.67	1.26
48	40.71	5.77	–24.53	56.21	4.85
72	30.34	7.71	–26.63	66.55	10.61
96	24.74	8.69	–26.63	71.72	16.48
120	23.1	8.78	–25.47	72.78	18.31
168	21.31	9.16	–26.39	74.81	22.01

DAFS and DD were conducted for 48 h. SFD results are also presented for different times of incubation. ¹Simultaneous fermentation and dyeing. ²Dyeing after fermentation and sonication of cell culture. ³Direct dyeing with cell-free extracted violacein.