Figure 3.

Regions with differences in cortical thickness, surface areas, and gyrification. The most significant clusters for group analysis using a GLM vertex-wise approach, between control and autism groups for left and right hemispheres. In red are areas of decreased and in blue are areas of increased values in patients with autism. All results were corrected for multiple comparisons (Cluster-based correction). (A) ASD presented decreased (in red) cortical thickness in the right cingulate, precentral, superior frontal, superior, and inferior parietal regions. In the left hemisphere, decreased cortical thickness was observed in the supramarginal, superior parietal, paracentral, precuneus, superior, and middle frontal and lingual gyrus, and increased thickness in the postcentral area. (B) Increased surface areas in the superior and middle frontal and precuneus (coinciding with the regions with reduced cortical thickness), as well as in the pre- and post-central, orbitofrontal, posterior cingulate, inferior parietal, temporal lobe (superior, middle, inferior temporal), and insular regions in ASD. (C) Increased gyrification in the lingual, precuneus, superior temporal sulcus, and superior parietal areas in the right hemisphere and the precentral and paracentral areas of the left hemisphere.