Fig. 5.

Amino acids stimulate proliferation and secretion in cultured alpha-cells. A: the cultured alphaTC1.9 cells stimulated 4 h with Vamin (1%) (gray circles) showed a significant increase in glucagon secretion compared with PBS stimulated control cells (black squares). B: the alphaTC1.9 cells stimulated 48 h with Vamin (gray circles) showed an increased proliferation compared with control cells stimulated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (black squares). Data are presented as means ± SD. *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001.