Table 4.

Urine specific gravity and % body weight change for 12 runners.

	No Music	Synchronous Music	t	p-value	Effect size (d)
Urine Specific Gravity
Pre	1.019 ± 0.008	1.021 ± 0.009	0.76	0.46	0.23
Post	1.021 ± 0.007	1.022 ± 0.002	0.36	0.73	0.19
Pre-Post	−0.001 ± 0.003	−0.000 ± 0.004	0.83	0.43	0.28
Body weight change (%)	1.77 ± 0.57	1.82 ± 0.64	−0.55	0.59	0.08

Data expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Body weight change (%) = [(pre-exercise bodyweight – post-exercise body weight)/pre-exercise body weight] × 100.