Table 1.

Effect of exercise training on peripheral and central chemoreflex, brain stem oxidative stress and angiotensin II, autonomic control, and cardiac function in heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction

	Chemoreflex				Autonomic Control
	Peripheral	Baroreflex	Brainstem (Oxidative Stress)	Central	Heart rate variability	Nerve recording	Cardiac Function	Reference(s)
Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Patients	ND	ND	↑	ND	↑	↑	↑	17, 33, 48, 54, 62, 63, 71, 88, 98, 114
Animal models	↑	ND	↑	↑	ND	↑	↑	14, 29, 58–60, 67, 82
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Patients	ND	ND	↑	ND	↑	ND	↑↓	6, 71, 91
Animal models	ND	ND	↑	↑	↑	ND	↑↓	5

↑, Improvement; ↓, worsening; ↑↓, controversial results; ND, not described in the literature.