Table 3.

Flow-mediated dilation, microparticles, monocyte-platelet aggregates, adhesion molecules, serum amyloid A, and C-reactive protein data before and after each 4-day condition

	CON Diet		LC Diet		LC + Ex Diet		P Value
	Pre	Post	Pre	Post	Pre	Post	Interaction	Main effect
Baseline diameter, mm	0.39 ± 0.07	0.41 ± 0.09	0.39 ± 0.06	0.40 ± 0.06	0.40 ± 0.06	0.40 ± 0.07	0.15	0.11
Peak diameter, mm	0.42 ± 0.07	0.44 ± 0.08	0.42 ± 0.06	0.44 ± 0.07	0.43 ± 0.06	0.44 ± 0.06	0.33	0.11
Time to peak, s	51.3 ± 35.3	50.0 ± 26.7	51.1 ± 27.1	47.2 ± 30.4	44.6 ± 36.9	60.1 ± 47.1	0.48	0.67
Platelet microparticles, microparticles/μl	42.1 ± 26.5	46.1 ± 31.7	33.2 ± 30.8	33.9 ± 21.5	50.8 ± 20.0	28.8 ± 25.6	0.07	0.34
Total monocyte-platelet aggregates, cells/μl	77.5 ± 21.7	95.5 ± 22.7	80.2 ± 20.5	92.7 ± 27.9	77.3 ± 20.0	87.1 ± 19.0	0.15	<0.01
Monocyte-platelet aggregates, %	29.8 ± 5.5	31.3 ± 5.5	31.0 ± 6.4	32.7 ± 5.4	31.0 ± 6.4	31.3 ± 7.8	0.78	0.08
C-reactive protein, mg/l	8.0 ± 8.3	7.9 ± 8.5	5.3 ± 4.9	8.2 ± 8.4	7.3 ± 7.2	9.3 ± 11.4	0.12	0.29
Serum amyloid A, mg/l	5.7 ± 4.2	6.4 ± 4.3	3.9 ± 2.5	5.3 ± 5.6	5.3 ± 3.4	5.1 ± 4.2	0.72	0.30
ICAM-1, ng/ml	461 ± 89	478 ± 83	368 ± 111	402 ± 77	389 ± 102	422 ± 89	0.44	0.19
VCAM-1, ng/ml	392 ± 249	441 ± 255	320 ± 208	395 ± 217	389 ± 252	400 ± 248	0.48	0.06

Data are means ± SD; n = 11 for flow-mediated dilation; n = 9 for microparticles; n = 11 for monocyte platelet aggregates, adhesion molecules, serum amyloid A, and C-reactive protein. CON diet, control low-fat moderate-carbohydrate diet; LC diet, low-carbohydrate diet; LC + Ex diet, low-carbohydrate diet plus postmeal walking; Pre and Post, before and after each 4-day condition, respectively.