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The A-B-D compounds. Four cylcometalated ruthenium compounds with carboxylic acid groups (for binding to TiO2) and an aromatic bridge to a TPA. Methyl substituents in the R3 positions––xylyl bridge (x)––lowers electronic coupling relative to the phenyl-bridge (p). The R1 and R2 substituents allow the E°(RuIII/II) potentials be controlled for the 1 and 2 series while the E°(TPA+/0) was held at parity.
