Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Antipsychotics (n=24) | CBT (n=26) | Antipsychotics plus CBT (n=25) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 23·21 (4·97) | 23·19 (6·32) | 24·44 (6·86) | |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 13 (54%) | 16 (62%) | 14 (56%) | |
| Female | 11 (46%) | 10 (38%) | 11 (44%) | |
| First-episode psychosis: multiple episode psychosis | 24:0 | 24:2 | 25:0 | |
| Duration of untreated psychosis, weeks | 37·33 (44·41) | 44·48 (52·30) | 39·43 (35·76) | |
| PANSS | ||||
| Total | 70·17 (10·12) | 70·50 (8·12) | 70·76 (8·45) | |
| Positive | 23·04 (4·60) | 23·15 (4·63) | 21·92 (3·63) | |
| Negative | 16·17 (5·72) | 15·50 (4·10) | 15·24 (5·17) | |
| Disorganised | 16·25 (2·60) | 17·15 (3·65) | 17·8 (4·27) | |
| Excitement | 18·25 (4·35) | 17·85 (3·86) | 17·4 (4·14) | |
| Emotional Distress | 25·46 (5·00) | 25·31 (3·83) | 26·28 (3·47) | |
| Questionnaire about Process of Recovery | 38·71 (9·23) | 40·13 (9·33)* | 41·8 (11·79) | |
| HADS† | ||||
| Total | 41·05 (5·49) | 37·54 (5·42) | 36·36 (6·76) | |
| Anxiety | 21·96 (2·62) | 20·50 (3·32) | 19·36 (3·89) | |
| Depression | 19·05 (4·87) | 17·38 (3·32) | 17·28 (5·55) | |
| WHO quality of life score‡ | 67·03 (14·99) | 68·66 (13·41) | 70·18 (15·41) | |
| Personal and Social Performance Scale | 52·67 (13·83) | 57·38 (12·04) | 58·16 (11·1) | |
| CGI | ||||
| Participant version | 4·91 (0·97)§ | 4·42 (0·99) | 4·38 (1·54) | |
| Clinician version | 4·13 (0·74) | 4·08 (0·63) | 4·04 (0·68) | |
| ANNSERS | ||||
| Number of side-effects | 9·96 (4·72), 24 | 8·88 (3·77), 26 | 9·16 (4·69), 25 | |
| Total | 13·92 (7·05), 24 | 12·12 (6·55), 26 | 12·28 (6·61), 25 | |
| Cholesterol | ||||
| Total (mmol/L) | 4·54 (0·91), 20 | 4·08 (0·82), 15 | 4·45 (0·93), 16 | |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 1·34 (0·35), 20 | 1·13 (0·30), 15 | 1·38 (0·40), 15 | |
| Total/HDL | 3·57 (0·94), 20 | 3·5 (0·86), 15 | 3·35 (0·93), 15 | |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 2·58 (0·78), 15 | 2·33 (0·67), 12 | 2·46 (0·68), 14 | |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1·15 (0·39), 16 | 1·27 (0·64), 12 | 1·12 (0·45), 14 | |
| Prolactin (mU/L) | 183·06 (89·71), 17 | 187·07 (63·33), 15 | 198·5 (81·78), 14 | |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 6·27 (6·96), 18 | 5·32 (2·41), 15 | 4·14 (0·55), 15 | |
Data are mean (SD); mean (SD), number of observations; or n (%), unless otherwise specified. CBT=cognitive behavioural therapy. PANSS=Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. HADS=Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. CGI=Clinical Global Impressions of Symptom Severity and Improvement Scale. ANNSERS= Antipsychotic Non-neurological Side Effects Rating Scale.
*
n=25.
†
n=23 in the antipyschotics group and 24 in the CBT group.
‡
n=25 in the CBT group and 24 in the antipsychotics plus CBT group.
§
n=22.