Table 4.
Secondary outcomes
| Antipsychotics (n=24) | CBT (n=26) | Combination (n=25) |
Mean difference (SE; 95% CI); p value |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CBT vs antipsychotics | CBT vs antipsychotics plus CBT | Antipsychotics vs antipsychotics plus CBT | ||||||
| QPR | .. | .. | .. | −0·93 (2·97; −6·76 to 4·90); 0·754 | 4·01 (3·14; −2·15 to 10·17); 0·202 | 4·94 (3·05; −1·03 to 10·91); 0·105 | ||
| Week 0 | 38·71 (9·23), 24 | 40·13 (9·33), 25 | 41·8 (11·79), 25 | .. | .. | .. | ||
| Week 24 | 44·86 (14·99), 22 | 47·81 (8·86), 21 | 52 (14·05), 18 | .. | .. | .. | ||
| Week 52 | 48·55 (14·73), 22 | 51·62 (9·25), 21 | 49·88 (11·04), 17 | .. | .. | .. | ||
| HADS | ||||||||
| Total | .. | .. | .. | −0·60 (1·98; −4·48 to 3·27); 0·761 | −2·93 (2·03; −6·90 to 1·04); 0·148 | −2·32 (1·99; −6·22 to 1·56); 0·241 | ||
| Week 0 | 41·05 (5·49), 23 | 37·54 (5·42), 24 | 36·36 (6·76), 25 | .. | .. | .. | ||
| Week 24 | 35·55 (7·69), 22 | 35·36 (12·61), 22 | 30·37 (9·28), 19 | .. | .. | .. | ||
| Week 52 | 34·27 (9·08), 22 | 32·14 (6·96), 21 | 30·35 (6·98), 17 | .. | .. | .. | ||
| Anxiety | .. | .. | .. | 0·62 (1·28; −1·89 to 3·14); 0·627 | −1·34 (1·32; −3·92 to 1·25); 0·310 | −1·96 (1·30; −4·50 to 0·58); 0·131 | ||
| Week 0 | 21·96 (2·62), 23 | 20·5 (3·32), 24 | 19·36 (3·89), 25 | .. | .. | .. | ||
| Week 24 | 19·36 (4·51), 22 | 19·18 (10·80), 22 | 15·65 (5·98), 20 | .. | .. | .. | ||
| Week 52 | 18·73 (5·03), 22 | 17·29 (4·64), 21 | 15·67 (4·89), 18 | .. | .. | .. | ||
| Depression | .. | .. | .. | −0·14 (1·20; −2·49 to 2·20); 0·905 | −1·60 (1·27; −4·08 to 0·88); 0·206 | −1·46 (1·20; to −3·82 to 0·90); 0·226 | ||
| Week 0 | 19·05 (4·87), 23 | 17·38 (3·32), 24 | 17·28 (5·55), 25 | .. | .. | .. | ||
| Week 24 | 16·27 (5·84), 22 | 15·18 (3·81), 22 | 13·42 (5·83), 19 | .. | .. | .. | ||
| Week 52 | 14·91 (5·52), 22 | 14·05 (4·2), 21 | 14·94 (5·36), 17 | .. | .. | .. | ||
| WHO quality of life score | .. | .. | .. | 0·62 (3·20; −5·65 to 6·88); 0·847 | 5·82 (3·37; −0·78 to 12·42); 0·084 | 5·21 (3·39; −1·43 to 11·84); 0·124 | ||
| Week 0 | 67·03 (14·99), 24 | 68·66 (13·41), 25 | 70·18 (15·41), 24 | .. | .. | .. | ||
| Week 6 | 72·5 (19·84), 22 | 76·78 (14·79), 18 | 77·82 (14·06), 17 | .. | .. | .. | ||
| Week 12 | 77·29 (21·31), 21 | 79·29 (16·59), 21 | 85·83 (17·59), 18 | .. | .. | .. | ||
| Week 24 | 79·15 (20·95), 20 | 79·10 (14·03), 21 | 89·06 (18·87), 18 | .. | .. | .. | ||
| Week 52 | 81·36 (20·02), 22 | 83·81 (15·23), 21 | 82·93 (19·17), 15 | .. | .. | .. | ||
| PSP | .. | .. | .. | 3·18 (4·18; −5·02 to 11·38); 0·448 | 2·17 (4·27; −6·19 to 10·53); 0·611 | −1·01 (4·24; −9·32 to 7·30); 0·812 | ||
| Week 0 | 52·67 (13·83), 24 | 57·38 (12·04), 26 | 58·16 (11·1), 25 | .. | .. | .. | ||
| Week 24 | 63·95 (18·53), 22 | 60·05 (10·51), 22 | 62·48 (17·47), 21 | .. | .. | .. | ||
| Week 52 | 60·45 (17·61), 22 | 60·95 (12·93), 21 | 61 (16·47), 20 | .. | .. | .. | ||
| CGI | ||||||||
| Clinician | .. | .. | .. | −0·16 (0·28; −0·70 to 0·38); 0·569 | −0·64 (0·29; 1·20 to −0·08); 0·026 | −0·48 (0·28; −1·03 to 0·07); 0·087 | ||
| Week 0 | 4·13 (0·74), 24 | 4·08 (0·63), 26 | 4·04 (0·68), 25 | .. | .. | .. | ||
| Week 24 | 3·32 (1·17), 22 | 3·45 (0·91), 22 | 2·86 (1·06), 21 | .. | .. | .. | ||
| Week 52 | 3·23 (1·11), 22 | 3·38 (1·07), 21 | 3·00 (1·08), 20 | .. | .. | .. | ||
| Patients | .. | .. | .. | 0·35 (0·41; −0·44 to 1·15); 0·385 | −0·29 (0·42; 1·11 to 0·52); 0·482 | −0·65 (0·42; −1·46 to 0·17); 0·119 | ||
| Week 0 | 4·91 (0·97), 22 | 4·42 (0·99), 26 | 4·38 (1·54), 25 | .. | .. | .. | ||
| Week 24 | 4·33 (1·56), 21 | 3·71 (1·23), 21 | 3·20 (1·54), 20 | .. | .. | .. | ||
| Week 52 | 3·91 (1·48), 22 | 3·50 (1·50), 20 | 3·94 (1·59), 18 | .. | .. | .. | ||
| Clinician − improvement | .. | .. | .. | 0·05 (0·31; −0·56 to 0·65); 0·876 | −0·53 (0·32; −1·16 to 0·10); 0·097 | −0·58 (0·31; −1·19 to 0·03); 0·064 | ||
| Week 0 | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | ||
| Week 24 | 2·95 (1·21), 22 | 2·78 (1·23), 22 | 2·14 (0·91), 21 | .. | .. | .. | ||
| Week 52 | 2·45 (1·06), 22 | 2·50 (1·00), 20 | 2·25 (1·12), 20 | .. | .. | .. | ||
Data are mean (SD), number of observations, unless otherwise specified. The effects are common to all follow-up times and are analysed by intention to treat. CBT=cognitive behavioural therapy. QPR=Questionnaire about Process of Recovery. HADS=Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. PSP=Personal and Social Performance Scale. CGI=Clinical Global Impressions of Symptom Severity and Improvement Scale.