Table 3.

Cost-utility analysis for the different vaccination policies, by model and by time horizon

Model TI						Model PI
Policy	Total costa	QALY lossb	ICERc	NMBkd	NMBve	Policy	Total costa	QALY lossb	ICERc	NMBkd	NMBve
Time horizon = 25 years
No vacc.	1812	455	–	–	–	No vacc.	2023	538	–	–	–
VR	1831	446	2219	110	324	VR	2066	537	WD	−37	−28
HZR	2540	413	WD	−94	963	HZR	2722	481	WD	143	1548
VRHZR	2555	402	WD	50	1371	VRHZR	2757	477	WD	166	1667
HZR + CU	2823	380	WD	109	1975	HZR + CU	2995	444	WD	436	2782
VRHZR + CU	2836	369	12,989	265	2414	VRHZR + CU	3028	439	10,175	476	2944
Time horizon = 50 years
No vacc.	2668	691	–	–	–	No vacc.	3145	885	–	–	–
VR	2643	680	Cost-saving	190	466	VR	3240	924	SD	−679	−1654
VRHZR	3563	576	WD	820	3679	HZR	3989	745	6031	1255	4754
HZR	3601	593	SD	531	2970	VRHZR	4047	767	SD	878	3844
VRHZR + CU	3841	543	8722	1052	4760	HZR + CU	4258	707	6984	1563	6022
HZR + CU	3880	560	SD	749	4017	VRHZR + CU	4313	727	SD	1204	5156
Time horizon = 85 years
No vacc.	3092	798	–	–	–	No vacc.	3724	1059	–	–	–
VR	2962	759	Cost-saving	717	1695	VR	3704	1072	1517	−174	−497
VRHZR	3984	634	8170	1570	5674	VRHZR	4572	874	4375	1934	6571
HZR	4119	676	SD	805	3859	HZR	4627	878	SD	1824	6367
VRHZR + CU	4264	600	8266	1799	6752	VRHZR + CU	4842	834	6829	2257	7881
HZR + CU	4402	643	SD	1020	4904	HZR + CU	4898	839	SD	2128	7632

All outcomes are reported with a 3% discount rate for both benefits and costs

^aAccounting for cost of disease and cost of policy, in million EUR

^bIn thousands

^cSD strong dominance (a policy is dominated when the alternative is less costly and more effective), WD weak dominance (a policy is dominated when its ICER is larger than that of a policy with higher effectiveness). The ICER is measured in EUR/QALY gained

^dBased on the marginal productivity of the national health system (t = 15,000 EUR) and calculated with respect to no vaccination, in million EUR

^eBased on the consumers’ willingness to pay (t = 40,000 EUR) and calculated with respect to no vaccination, in million EUR