Table 2.

Mixed-effects ML regression results

Variables		B	SE	95% CI
				Low	High
Independent variable	Inter-generational financial transfers (log of transfers)	−0.226c	0.044	−0.314	− 0.140
Other transfers	Whether take care of grandchildren
	No (ref.)
	Yes	0.286a	0.117	0.057	.516
	Frequency of contact with children
	Seldom (ref.)
	Sometimes	−0.071	0.132	−0.329	0.187
	Often	− 0.293a	0.142	− 0.572	− 0.014
	Living with any child
	No (ref.)
	Yes	−0.363b	0.116	− 0.590	− 0.134
Demographic factors:	Age group (years old)
	45–56 (ref.)
	56–62	0.269	0.162	−0.048	0.586
	62–69	0.448b	0.167	0.122	0.775
	69-	−.761c	0.189	−1.131	−0.391
	Gender
	Male (ref.)
	Female	1.547c	0.120	1.311	1.781
	Marital status
	Other (ref.)
	Living with spouse	−0.649c	0.170	−0.983	−0.315
Socioeconomic factors:	Education level (1–10)	−0.087a	0.035	− 0.1561	− 0.018
	Income level	− 0.170b	0.059	− 0.285	−0.056
	Amenities/associations (0–14)	−0.072b	0.028	−0.126	− 0.018
	Areas of china
	Northwest (ref.)
	Southwest	−0.411	0.357	−1.110	0.288
	Northeast	−2.414c	0.422	−3.241	− 1.586
	East	−1.994c	0.348	−2.675	− 1.313
	South	−1.267b	0.403	−2.058	−0.478
	Central	−1.307c	0.350	−1.994	−0.621
	North	−1.420c	0.380	−2.165	−0.675
	Rural-urban
	Rural (ref.)
	Urban	−0.546b	0.202	−0.941	− 0.151
Health and social factors:	Any difficulty with ADL
	No (ref.)
	Yes	1.595c	0.220	1.164	2.026
	Chronic disease (0–10)	0.259c	0.065	0.131	0.387
	Whether participated in any social activities
	No (ref.)
	Yes	−1.695c	0.115	−1.920	−1.470
	Whether still on work
	No (ref.)
	Yes	−0.065	0.136	−0.332	0.203
	_cons	13.203c	0.896	11.855	14.551

ML = Multi-level; B = unstandardized coefficient; SE = Standard error; CI: Confidence interval

^ap < 0.05, ^bp < 0.01, ^cp < 0.001