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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jul 17.
Published in final edited form as: J Popul Econ. 2016 Mar 31;29(3):883–910.

Table –C5.

Robustness Results

VARIABLES Hormonal Age
Locus of Control (factor)
Teen Mom
Locus of Control (factor)
Hormonal Age
Little I can do to change important things
Teen Mom
Little I can do to change important things
Live Birth 0.093
(0.104)
−0.051
(0.102)
0.043
(0.084)
−0.020
(0.099)
Age (at wave 4) 0.026
(0.020)
0.028
(0.020)
0.015
(0.022)
0.019
(0.022)
Conception before 15 −0.100
(0.169)
−0.079
(0.164)
−0.013
(0.183)
−0.009
(0.178)
Black 0.138
(0.092)
0.139
(0.092)
0.083
(0.099)
0.087
(0.098)
Hispanic 0.009
(0.098)
0.005
(0.098)
0.081
(0.085)
0.084
(0.084)
Smoke during pregnancy −0.221***
(0.081)
−0.229***
(0.083)
−0.128
(0.085)
−0.131
(0.090)
Married 0.216***
(0.075)
0.219***
(0.075)
0.201***
(0.068)
0.208***
(0.068)
Maternal Education 0.076***
(0.017)
0.075***
(0.017)
0.061***
(0.017)
0.062***
(0.017)
Parent in Household (dummy) 0.019
(0.075)
0.031
(0.073)
0.012
(0.058)
0.037
(0.063)
Hormone Median 0.254
(0.292)
0.018
(0.328)
Hormone × Live Birth (interaction) −0.316
(0.316)
−0.150
(0.353)
Teen Mom −0.395**
(0.185)
−0.197
(0.169)
(Missing) Teen mom −0.091
(0.100)
−0.094
(0.124)
Teen Mom × Live Birth (interaction) 0.453**
(0.195)
0.219
(0.189)
Constant −1.992***
(0.675)
−1.923***
(0.661)
2.574***
(0.723)
2.479***
(0.712)
Observations 690 696 690 696
R-squared 0.068 0.077 0.041 0.045
VARIABLES Hormonal Age
Other people determine most of what I do
Teen Mom
Other people determine most of what I do
Hormonal Age
Many things interfere with what I want to do
Teen Mom
Many things interfere with what I want to do
Live Birth −0.012
(0.092)
−0.124
(0.095)
0.072
(0.119)
0.019
(0.115)
Age (at wave 4) 0.009
(0.019)
0.011
(0.019)
−0.004
(0.025)
−0.008
(0.024)
Conception before 15 −0.078
(0.135)
−0.078
(0.129)
−0.101
(0.164)
−0.051
(0.157)
Black 0.161**
(0.076)
0.160**
(0.074)
0.029
(0.107)
0.030
(0.106)
Hispanic 0.008
(0.087)
0.003
(0.086)
0.091
(0.115)
0.081
(0.117)
Smoke during pregnancy −0.216***
(0.078)
−0.221***
(0.081)
−0.316***
(0.093)
−0.336***
(0.090)
Married 0.059
(0.066)
0.056
(0.066)
0.197**
(0.093)
0.221**
(0.093)
Maternal Education 0.054***
(0.014)
0.052***
(0.015)
0.054**
(0.021)
0.058***
(0.022)
Parent in Household (dummy) 0.086
(0.061)
0.103
(0.065)
−0.005
(0.077)
−0.056
(0.084)
Hormone Median 0.071
(0.200)
0.039
(0.297)
Hormone × Live Birth (interaction) −0.040
(0.226)
−0.159
(0.358)
Teen Mom −0.391**
(0.166)
0.022
(0.218)
(Missing) Teen mom −0.089
(0.097)
0.173
(0.117)
Teen Mom × Live Birth (interaction) 0.423**
(0.184)
0.108
(0.243)
Constant 3.094***
(0.550)
3.180***
(0.565)
2.528***
(0.762)
2.580***
(0.747)
Observations 691 697 691 697
R-squared 0.053 0.064 0.033 0.038
VARIABLES Hormonal Age
I have little control over what happens to me
Teen Mom
I have little control over what happens to me
Hormonal Age
There is no way I can solve the problems I have
Teen Mom
There is no way I can solve the problems I have
Live Birth 0.077
(0.105)
−0.043
(0.105)
0.108
(0.074)
0.012
(0.079)
Age (at wave 4) 0.026
(0.019)
0.028
(0.019)
0.023
(0.014)
0.024*
(0.015)
Conception before 15 −0.109
(0.142)
−0.088
(0.139)
−0.045
(0.105)
−0.033
(0.102)
Black 0.085
(0.074)
0.088
(0.076)
0.071
(0.062)
0.070
(0.061)
Hispanic −0.006
(0.089)
−0.008
(0.091)
−0.059
(0.068)
−0.063
(0.068)
Smoke during pregnancy −0.191**
(0.095)
−0.192**
(0.094)
−0.019
(0.058)
−0.023
(0.058)
Married 0.118
(0.076)
0.119
(0.077)
0.167***
(0.058)
0.164***
(0.059)
Maternal Education 0.051***
(0.016)
0.050***
(0.016)
0.039***
(0.014)
0.037***
(0.014)
Parent in Household (dummy) −0.023
(0.083)
−0.015
(0.082)
−0.004
(0.049)
0.006
(0.048)
Hormone Median 0.211
(0.286)
0.335*
(0.178)
Hormone × Live Birth (interaction) −0.276
(0.303)
−0.324
(0.198)
Teen Mom −0.316
(0.208)
−0.254*
(0.133)
(Missing) Teen mom −0.062
(0.086)
−0.089
(0.066)
Teen Mom × Live Birth (interaction) 0.359*
(0.206)
0.273**
(0.129)
Constant 2.346***
(0.629)
2.408***
(0.604)
2.710***
(0.472)
2.801***
(0.475)
Observations 691 697 691 697
R-squared 0.038 0.043 0.045 0.048

Robust standard errors in parentheses

***

p<0.01,

**

p<0.05,

*

p<0.10