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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jul 17.
Published in final edited form as: Econ Educ Rev. 2015 Dec 4;50:45–62. doi: 10.1016/j.econedurev.2015.11.004

Table 10.

The effect of one month earlier cutoff on the average scores and participation rate in ACT and SAT

(1)POLS (2)FE (3)FE (4)FE (5)FD (6)GLS (7)AB (8)BB N
(1)ACT
Average 0.028 0.111 0.096 0.027 0.073** 0.128*** 0.124** 0.049 859
(0.050) (0.085) (0.080) (0.057) (0.036) (0.047) (0.056) (0.044)
R2 0.796 0.874 0.932 0.934 0.094
Paticipation Rate 0.072*** 0.014 0.013 0.019** 0.005 0.008 −0.001 0.005 859
(0.023) (0.011) (0.009) (0.010) (0.008) (0.007) (0.008) (0.006)
R2 0.635 0.966 0.980 0.976 0.127
(2)SAT
Reading 6.743*** 0.192 −0.300 −0.425 0.112 −0.855 −0.507 1.057 930
(2.386) (1.529) (0.672) (0.757) (0.346) (0.621) (0.518) (0.811)
R2 0.67 0.75 0.98 0.22
Math 7.360*** 0.017 −0.998 −1.098 0.188 −0.813 −0.266 0.500 930
(2.629) (1.586) (0.805) (0.892) (0.594) (0.639) (0.623) (0.673)
R2 0.639 0.967 0.987 0.989 0.183
Writing 7.281*** −3.742** 4.502 3.498 0.187 −0.438 0.019 1.630 303
(2.645) (1.740) (3.318) (2.323) (1.202) (1.604) (0.985) (1.121)
R2 0.719 0.987 0.995 0.996 0.218
Paticipation Rate −0.044*** 0.001 0.006* 0.003 −0.001 0.001 0.008*** 0.005** 888
(0.016) (0.006) (0.003) (0.004) (0.002) (0.003) (0.003) (0.003)
R2 0.707 0.989 0.995 0.996 0.211

Notes:

*

p<0.1;

**

p<0.05;

***

p<0.01.

Standard errors are in parentheses. Standard errors are clustered by state.

The number of observations is the full number of observations. The number of observations is smaller for specifications (5)–(8).

(1)POLS: pooled OLS, (2)FE: weighted fixed effects model with state-specific linear time trends, (3) unweighted fixed effects model, (4) unweighted fixed effects model with state-specific linear time trends, (5)FD: first difference model, (6)GLS: fixed effects model allowing an AR(1) error process (Baltagi and Wu (1999), (7)AB: dynamic panel model (Allerano and Bover (1995), (8)BB: dynamic panel model (Blundell and Bond (1998). All models except specification (1) include state and time fixed effects.

Sex ratio, average ages of parents at birth, average birth weight, average gestation, the ratios of white parents, the ratios of black parents, average of mother’s years of education for each school cohort by state and school entry year, expenditure per student, average elementary school size, average secondary school size, the number of teachers per pupil, the number of staff per pupil, average teacher’s salary, unemployment rate, average personal income, cohort size and dummy variables indicating cutoff change year and previous year by state and test year are used as regressors.