Table 17.

The effects of cutoff date and its square on the average and standard deviation of test scores in 4th and 8th Grade NAEP

	Cutoff	Cutoff Square	Observations
(a)4th Grade NAEP
(1)Average Score
Reading	3.395***	−0.282*	402
	(1.255)	(0.152)
Mathematics	1.764	−0.061	368
	(1.195)	(0.185)
(2)Standard Deviation
Reading	−1.784**	0.195**	402
	(0.777)	(0.091)
Mathematics	−0.965	0.093	368
	(0.643)	(0.094)
(b)8th Grade NAEP
(1)Average Score
Reading	−0.322	0.119	330
	(0.819)	(0.105)
Mathematics	4.751***	−0.492***	396
	(0.893)	(0.143)
Science	2.237*	−0.103	191
	(1.189)	(0.169)
(2)Standard Deviation
Reading	1.113	−0.202**	330
	(0.669)	(0.086)
Mathematics	−0.792**	0.061	396
	(0.643)	(0.040)
Science	−1.469**	0.142*	191
	(0.555)	(0.081)

Notes:

^*p<0.1;

^**p<0.05;

^***p<0.01.

Standard errors are in parentheses. Standard errors are clustered by state.

State and time fixed effects are controlled. Sex ratio, average ages of parents at birth, average birth weight, average gestation, the ratios of white parents, the ratios of black parents, average of mother’s years of education for each school cohort by state and school entry year, expenditure per student, average elementary school size, average secondary school size, the number of teachers per pupil, the number of staff per pupil, average teacher’s salary, unemployment rate, average personal income, cohort size, dummy variables indicating cutoff change year and previous year by state and test year are used as regressors.