Table 2.

SD difference in ALM index, grip strength, walking speed and relative risks for sarcopenia per SD increase in the physical activity measures

Physical activity measure	Outcome	Adjusted for gender		Fully adjusteda
		Estimate (95% CI)	p value	Estimate (95% CI)	p value
Acceleration	ALM index	0.15 (− 0.03, 0.32)	0.10	0.12 (− 0.07, 0.30)	0.21
	Grip strength	0.11 (− 0.07, 0.28)	0.24	0.12 (− 0.08, 0.31)	0.23
	Walking speed	0.26 (0.08, 0.44)	0.01	0.25 (0.05, 0.45)	0.02
	Sarcopenia	0.67 (0.47, 0.95)	0.03	0.65 (0.43, 0.99)	0.05
Time in non-sedentary levels	ALM index	0.16 (− 0.01, 0.33)	0.07	0.14 (− 0.04, 0.31)	0.13
	Grip strength	0.15 (− 0.02, 0.33)	0.08	0.16 (− 0.03, 0.34)	0.09
	Walking speed	0.29 (0.12, 0.47)	< 0.001	0.27 (0.08, 0.46)	0.01
	Sarcopenia	0.66 (0.45, 0.96)	0.03	0.67 (0.44, 1.01)	0.06
Time in MVPA levels	ALM index	0.06 (− 0.12, 0.24)	0.51	0.01 (− 0.18, 0.20)	0.93
	Grip strength	0.10 (− 0.08, 0.27)	0.29	0.11 (− 0.09, 0.31)	0.27
	Walking speed	0.19 (0.01, 0.37)	0.04	0.16 (− 0.05, 0.37)	0.14
	Sarcopenia	0.65 (0.43, 0.98)	0.04	0.70 (0.43, 1.13)	0.14

For each participant, mean daily physical activity measures were derived

SD standard deviation, ALM appendicular lean mass

Gender- and fully adjusted models for ALM index and sarcopenia were adjusted for total fat mass and not for height or weight-for-height residual

Estimates for sarcopenia are relative risks obtained from Poisson regression models with a robust variance estimator. All other estimates are regression coefficients obtained from linear regression models

^aAdjusted for gender, age, height, weight-for-height residual, smoking history (ever vs. never), alcohol consumption, and social class (manual vs. non-manual)