Table 2.
Antimicrobial activities of Youngia sonchifolia M.
| Samples(1) | Clear zone on plate (mm) (50 mg/disc) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water extract | Ethanol extract | Ethylacetate extract | Ether extract | n-Hexane extract | |||||||
| E. (1) | B. (2) | E. | B. | E. | B. | E. | B. | E. | B. | ||
| A | |||||||||||
| Leaf | a | 12 ± 0.53(3) | 13 ± 0.50 | 21 ± 1.23 | 20 ± 1.32 | 14 ± 0.85 | 14 ± 0.63 | –(4) | – | – | – |
| b | 19 ± 1.22 | 19 ± 1.24 | 22 ± 1.54 | 23 ± 1.36 | 17 ± 1.03 | 18 ± 1.32 | – | – | – | – | |
| Root | a | 11 ± 0.13 | 11 ± 0.12 | 17 ± 1.10 | 16 ± 1.29 | 13 ± 0.52 | 12 ± 0.21 | – | – | – | – |
| b | 12 ± 0.22 | 12 ± 0.31 | 18 ± 1.33 | 17 ± 1.22 | 13 ± 0.33 | 13 ± 0.32 | – | – | – | – | |
| Strains | Clear zone on plate (50 mg/disc) | Sodium benzoate | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water extract | Ethanol extract | ||||
| Leaf | Root | Leaf | Root | ||
| B | |||||
| B. cereus | 18 ± 1.23(3) | 13 ± 0.71 | 23 ± 1.61 | 18 ± 1.09 | 17 ± 1.22 |
| B. subtilis | 17 ± 1.02 | 12 ± 0.68 | 24 ± 1.34 | 16 ± 1.10 | 15 ± 1.09 |
| S. aureus | 19 ± 1.10 | 12 ± 0.76 | 21 ± 1.23 | 17 ± 1.21 | 16 ± 1.25 |
| E. coli | 20 ± 1.23 | 14 ± 0.72 | 22 ± 1.34 | 18 ± 1.06 | 15 ± 1.16 |
| S. typhimurium | 19 ± 1.34 | 12 ± 0.82 | 22 ± 1.39 | 18 ± 1.16 | 17 ± 1.03 |
| P. fluorescens | 18 ± 1.07 | 12 ± 0.69 | 24 ± 1.65 | 17 ± 1.23 | 16 ± 1.26 |
| L. plantarum | – | – | – | – | |
| L. mesenteroides | – | – | – | – | |
| S. cerevisiae | – | – | – | – | |
| H. anomala | – | – | – | – | |
| Strains | Growth at various concentration (mg/mL) | MIC (mg/mL) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0.25 | 0.5 | 1 | 1.5 | ||
| C | ||||||
| B. cereus | + | – | – | – | – | 0.25 |
| B. subtilis | + | + | – | – | – | 0.5 |
| S. aureus | + | ± | – | – | – | 0.5 |
| E. coli | + | + | + | + | – | 1.5 |
| S. typhimurium | + | + | + | + | – | 1.5 |
| P. fluorescens | + | + | + | + | – | 1.5 |
| L. plantarum | + | + | + | + | + | – |
| L. mesenteroides | + | + | + | + | + | – |
| S. cerevisiae | + | + | + | + | + | – |
| H. anomala | + | + | + | + | + | – |
A: Antimicrobial activities against E. coli and B. subtilis of solvent extracts from Youngia sonchifolia M.; B: Antimicrobial activities of water and ethanol extracts against Youngia sonchifolia M; C: Minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) of the ethanol extract of Youngia sonchifolia M.; a: Youngia sonchifolia M. sampled October; b: Youngia sonchifolia M. sampled December.; (1)E. coli; (2)B. subtilis; (3)Mean ± SD with different superscript within a row are significantly different (p < 0.05) by Duncan’s multiple range test. (4)Not detected.; +, Growth; ±, Uncertain in growth; −, No growth