Table 3.
Contents of free amino acids in WGEHs produced at 300 MPa
| Retention time (min) | Content (mg/kg)a | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blank | F | F–A | F–A–M | F–A–P–M | |
| Alanine (2.38) | 7 | 618 | 636 | 770 | 713 |
| Sarcosine (2.44) | 4 | 7 | 8 | 11 | 11 |
| Glycine (2.49) | 2 | 180 | 236 | 349 | 336 |
| α-Aminobutyric acid (2.58) | 0 | 16 | 15 | 14 | 15 |
| Valine (2.68) | 6 | 1845 | 1998 | 2578 | 2919 |
| Leucine (2.87) | 10 | 4381 | 4530 | 5811 | 6773 |
| Isolucine (2.93) | 4 | 1914 | 1966 | 2532 | 3605 |
| Threonine (3.08) | NDb | 1 | 8 | 12 | 19 |
| Serine (3.14) | 2 | 816 | 959 | 1169 | 1206 |
| Proline (3.26) | 3 | 283 | 255 | 569 | 487 |
| Asparagine (3.59) | 12 | 24 | 18 | 21 | 22 |
| Aspartic acid (3.83) | 18 | 219 | 212 | 299 | 242 |
| Methionine (3.88) | ND | 660 | 786 | 1115 | 1076 |
| 4-Hydroxyproline (4.01) | ND | 40 | 47 | 69 | 73 |
| Glutamic acid (4.16) | 6 | 161 | 185 | 227 | 197 |
| Phenylalanine (4.22) | 8 | 2479 | 2767 | 3717 | 3994 |
| α-Aminoadipic acid (4.44) | 31 | 61 | 61 | 89 | 80 |
| α-Aminopimelic acid (4.62) | 17 | 365 | 439 | 789 | 995 |
| Glutamine (4.68) | ND | 155 | 238 | 384 | 522 |
| Ornithine (4.95) | 26 | 51 | 77 | 94 | 99 |
| Glycine-proline (5.12) | ND | 9 | 8 | 14 | 13 |
| Lysine (5.36) | 4 | 517 | 540 | 703 | 597 |
| Histidine (5.55) | 4 | 1556 | 1650 | 2277 | 2072 |
| Hydroxylysine (5.74) | 31 | 270 | 336 | 651 | 676 |
| Tyrosine (5.82) | 6 | 1194 | 1219 | 1691 | 1612 |
| Proline-hydroxyproline (6.06) | ND | 30 | 34 | 41 | 42 |
| Tryptophan (6.14) | 21 | 471 | 576 | 878 | 714 |
| Cystine (6.75) | ND | 170 | 140 | 215 | 187 |
| Total free amino acids | 222 | 18,493 | 19,944 | 27,089 | 29,297 |
Blank indicates 12% WG suspension. For all hydrolytic processes, F, A, P, and M respectively denote Flavourzyme 500MG, Alcalase 2.4L, Protamex, and Marugoto E
aWet sample basis
bNot detected