Table 1.
Demographic features and vitamin D parameters of the patients with cluster headache, migraineurs, and normal controls
| Cluster Headache (n = 28) | Migraine (n = 36) | Normal controls (n = 36) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 38.2 ± 8.5 | 35.1 ± 8.2 | 35.4 ± 9.1 | 0.189 |
| Men (%) | 24 (85.7) | 29 (80.6) | 32 (88.9) | 0.607 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.3 ± 2.8 | 23,6 ± 3.7 | 24.1 ± 3.2 | 0.583 |
| Smoking habit (%)a | 0.133 | |||
| Current | 17 (63.0) | 15 (41.7) | 14 (38.9) | |
| ex-smoker | 3 (11.1) | 2 (5.6) | 8 (22.2) | |
| Never | 7 (25.9) | 19 (52.8) | 14 (38.9) | |
| Pain intensity, VAS | 8.5 ± 1.8 | 6.4 ± 1.7 | NA | < 0.001 |
| Vitamin D deficiency (%) | 26 (92.8) | 29 (80.6) | 30 (83.3) | 0.771 |
| Distribution of 25(OH)D concentration | 0.236 | |||
| ≥ 30 (ng/mL) | 0 | 1 (2.8) | 2 (5.6) | |
| 20–29.9 (ng/mL) | 2 (7.2) | 6 (16.7) | 4 (11.1) | |
| 10–19.9 (ng/mL) | 23 (82.1) | 21 (58.3) | 19 (52.8) | |
| < 10 (ng/mL) | 3 (10.7) | 8 (22.2) | 11 (30.5) | |
| Sampling seasons | 0.349 | |||
| Winter to spring | 15 (53.9) | 21 (58.3) | 15 (41.7) | |
| Summer to autumn | 13 (46.4) | 15 (41.7) | 21 (58.3) |
Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or number (%)
VAS visual analogue scale
adata was not available in one patient with CH