Table 2. Prognostic factors: univariate analysis.
| Variable | n | Cure (n = 29) | Non-cure (n = 14) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 37 | 24 | 13 | 0.371 |
| Female | 6 | 5 | 1 | |
| Age | ||||
| <75 | 29 | 20 | 9 | 0.759 |
| ≥75 | 14 | 9 | 5 | |
| Method | ||||
| Thoracotomy | 39 | 26 | 13 | 0.735 |
| Video-assisted thoracic surgery | 4 | 3 | 1 | |
| Pathologic stage | ||||
| I | 21 | 13 | 8 | 0.449 |
| II, III, IV | 22 | 16 | 6 | |
| Histology | ||||
| Squamous cell ca. | 16 | 7 | 9 | 0.011 |
| Non-squamous cell ca. | 27 | 22 | 5 | |
| Procedure | ||||
| Pneumonectomy, Bi-lobectomy | 11 | 5 | 6 | 0.071 |
| Others | 32 | 24 | 8 | |
| Pre-operative complications | ||||
| Hypertension | 14 | 8 | 6 | 0.371 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 6 | 4 | 2 | 0.965 |
| Administration of steroid | 5 | 1 | 4 | 0.016 |
| Other organs cancer | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0.735 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0.434 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0.191 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0.976 |
| Interstitial pneumonia | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0.037 |
| Date of onset | ||||
| <30 days | 29 | 20 | 9 | 0.759 |
| ≥30 days | 14 | 9 | 5 | |
| Cause of empyema | ||||
| Bronchial stump fistula | 14 | 6 | 8 | 0.017 |
| Retrograde infection by chest tube | 12 | 12 | 0 | 0.005 |
| Bronchopleural fistula | 11 | 7 | 4 | 0.755 |
| Exacerbation of interstitial pneumonia | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0.003 |
| Intraoperative contamination | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0.976 |
| Surgical site infection | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0.212 |
| Pneumonia | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0.212 |
| Microbiology | ||||
| MRSA | 10 | 5 | 5 | 0.179 |
| MSSA | 9 | 8 | 1 | 0.123 |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 6 | 4 | 2 | 0.965 |
| Enterobacteriaceae | 4 | 1 | 3 | 0.057 |
| Enterococci | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0.976 |
| Aspergillus | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0.590 |
| Nontuberculous mycobacteria | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0.482 |
| Haemophilus influenzae | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0.482 |
| Anaerobe | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0.145 |
| Gram-positive coccus | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0.212 |
| Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0.037 |
| Corynebacterium spp | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0.145 |
| Culture negative | 6 | 3 | 3 | 0.326 |
Abbreviations: MRSA: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; MSSA: Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus.