Table 4. Weighted design-adjusted1 as well as design- and covariate-adjusted,2 model-estimated, between-arm differences in ACT use among those who test positive, negative, without a test, and the overall percent who adhere to the test results between intervention and control arms.
Sample proportions at each time point, including baseline, are also reported for each outcome. RD models did not converge for all outcomes. RDs were estimated using alternative methods and are presented in S5 Table.
| RR | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample Proportions | Design Adjusted | Fully Adjusted | ||
| Outcome | Control3 | Intervention4 | Estimate (95% CI) |
Estimate (95% CI) |
| Took ACT after a positive test | ||||
| Baseline (N = 634) | 83.7 | 83.5 | ||
| 6 months (N = 602) | 89.7 | 88.5 | 0.98 (0.92–1.05) |
0.98 (0.92–1.04) |
| 12 months (N = 628) | 84.4 | 87.9 | 1.03 (0.97–1.10) |
1.02 (0.96–1.09) |
| 18 months (N = 782) | 83.8 | 90.0 | 1.07 (0.98–1.16) |
1.06 (0.98–1.15) |
| Took ACT after a negative test | ||||
| Baseline (N = 122) | 31.7 | 36.8 | ||
| 6 months (N = 179) | 42.4 | 37.7 | 0.86 (0.51–1.44) |
0.82 (0.50–1.34) |
| 12 months (N = 128) | 37.8 | 31.9 | 0.81 (0.38–1.73) |
0.83 (0.39–1.78) |
| 18 months (N = 90) | 45.6 | 29.9 | 0.64 (0.35–1.19) |
0.69 (0.36–1.32) |
| Took ACT with no test | ||||
| Baseline (N = 1,240) | 62.4 | 61.9 | ||
| 6 months (N = 860) | 56.5 | 58.6 | 1.06 (0.91–1.24) |
1.09 (0.94–1.26) |
| 12 months (N = 1,001) | 69.2 | 61.3 | 0.91 (0.81–1.02) |
0.92 (0.83–1.02) |
| 18 months (N = 998) | 71.6 | 60.2 | 0.87 (0.79–0.95) |
0.87 (0.79–0.96) |
| Test adherence among all tested | ||||
| Baseline (N = 756) | 81.5 | 80.0 | ||
| 6 months (N = 781) | 84.8 | 80.3 | 0.95 (0.87–1.03) |
0.94 (0.87–1.02) |
| 12 months (N = 755) | 82.6 | 83.2 | 1.01 (0.94–1.08) |
1.00 (0.93–1.07) |
| 18 months (N = 868) | 80.7 | 88.5 | 1.09 (1.01–1.18) |
1.08 (1.00–1.17) |
1Design-adjusted model: adjusts for baseline CU-level outcome proportion (as log-cluster–level proportion or cluster-level proportion for the RR and RD models, respectively), time indicators for 12 and 18 months, treatment indicator, time x treatment interaction, and fixed effects for strata.
2Design- and covariate-adjusted model: adds indicators for wealth quintile, patient age (<5, 5–17, 18+), female gender, and highest level of education of the respondent (none or less than primary, completed primary, completed secondary).
3N = 3 control participants at baseline, N = 1 at 12 months, and N = 3 at 18 months tested positive for malaria but had missing information on whether ACT was taken before or after malaria test. Data on chronology of ACT use were missing for 6-month wave.
4N = 6 intervention participants at baseline, N = 3 at 12 months, and N = 3 at 18 months tested positive for malaria but had missing information on whether ACT was taken before or after malaria test. N = 1 control participant and N = 1 intervention participant at 12 months tested negative for malaria but had missing information on whether ACT was taken before or after malaria test. Data on chronology of ACT use were missing for 6-month wave.
Abbreviations: ACT, artemisinin combination therapy; CU, community unit; RD, risk difference; RR, risk ratio.