Table 3. Incidence and factors associated with neonatal sepsis.
| Study | Quality score | Cases in hospital born | Sample size (Live birth no.) | Location | Healthcare setting | Cultures done | Positive cultures | EOD | LOD | Incidence of Neonatal Sepsis | Culture Method | Previous antibiotic use | Blood volume collected | Mortality rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Medugu 2017 [25] | 11 | 7 | 493 | Abuja (North) | Tertiary and Secondary | 21 | 7 | 6 | 1 | 14/1000 | Automated | No | Weight based criteria | ND |
| Medugu 2017[26] | 11 | ND | ND | Abuja (North) | Tertiary | 290 | 81 | ND | ND | ND | Automated | ND | 1–2 mls | ND |
| Olatunde 2016[27] | 11 | ND | ND | Ilesha (South) | Tertiary | 306 | 72 | 56 | 16 | ND | Manual | No | 2–3 mls | 25% |
| Peterside 2015 [28] | 11 | ND | ND | Bayelsa (South) | Tertiary | 223 | 97 | 64 | 33 | ND | Manual | No | 2–3 mls | 8% |
| Shobowale 2015[29] | 11 | ND | ND | Lagos (South) | Tertiary | 250 | 85 | ND | ND | ND | Automated | ND | 1-3mls | 15.7 |
| Onyedibe 2015 [30] | 11 | ND | ND | Jos (North) | Tertiary | 218 | 75 | ND | ND | ND | Manual | ND | ND | 13.8% |
| Ekwochi 2014 [31] | 10 | ND | 142 | Enugu (South) | Tertiary | 44 | 17 | ND | ND | ND | Manual | ND | ND | 29.4% |
| Okon 2014 [32] | 11 | ND | ND | Maiduguri (North) | Tertiary | 1017 | 70 | ND | ND | ND | Manual | ND | 2-3mls | ND |
| Uzodimma 2013 [33] | 11 | ND | ND | Lagos (South) | Tertiary | 39 | 16 | 5 | 11 | ND | Automated | Yes (32% across all ages) | 2–5 mls | ND |
| Kingsley 2013 [34] | 11 | ND | ND | Uyo (South) | Tertiary | 357 | 91 | ND | ND | ND | Manual | ND | 2-3mls | ND |
| Awoala + West 2012 [35,36] | 11 | 54 | 1368 | Port Harcourt (South) | Tertiary | 406 | 54 | 34 | 20 | 39.5/1000 | Manual | No | 2 mls | 15% |
| Ogunlesi 2011[37] | 11 | 174 | 3390 | Sagamu (South) | Tertiary | 527 | 174 | 119 | 55 | 51.3/1000 | ND | ND | ND | ND |
| Nwadioha 2010 [38] | 11 | ND | ND | Kano (North) | Tertiary | 1270 | 326 | ND | ND | ND | Manual | ND | ND | ND |
| Anah 2008 [6] | 10 | 159 | 2896 | Calabar (South) | Tertiary | 717 | 159 | ND | ND | 54.9/1000 | ND | ND | ND | 19.0% |
| Udo 2008 [39] | 10 | 178 | ND | Calabar (South) | Tertiary | 215 | 178 | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND | 17.1% |
| Fadero 2007 [40] | 11 | 32 | ND | Oshogbo (South) | Tertiary | 61 | 32 | 10 | 22 | ND | Manual | No | 2 mls | 31% |
| Ojukwu 2006 [7] | 11 | 19 | 2382 | Ebonyi (South) | Tertiary | 138 | 33 | 20 | 13 | 7.9/1000 | Manual | No | 1–2 mls | 26.7% |
| Iregbu 2006 [41] | 11 | ND | ND | Abuja (North) | Tertiary | 390 | 85 | ND | ND | ND | Oxoid Signal | ND | ND | ND |
| Meremikwu 2005[42] | 11 | ND | ND | Calabar (South) | Tertiary | 533 | 271 | ND | ND | ND | Manual | ND | ND | ND |
| Mokuolu 2002 [43] | 11 | 29 | 4118 | Ilorin (North) | Tertiary | 198 | 61 | 30 | 31 | 7.0/1000 | Manual | No | ND | ND |
| Adejuyigbe 2001 [44] | 10 | 18 | 787 | Ile-Ife (South) | Tertiary | 119 | 66 | 35 | 31 | 22.9/1000 | ND | No | ND | 33.3% |
| Airede 1992 [45] | 10 | 99 | 15200 | Jos (North) | Tertiary | 99 | 99 | ND | ND | 6.5/1000 | Manual | ND | ND | 27.3% |
| Antia-Obong 1991[46] | 10 | ND | ND | Calabar (South) | Tertiary | 275 | 100 | ND | ND | ND | Manual | ND | ND | ND |
| Owa 1988 [47] | 10 | 9 | 529 | Ilesha (South) | Secondary | 89 | 31 | ND | ND | 17/1000 | Manual | ND | ND | ND |
| Total | 568 | 31,305 | 7.802 | 2,280 | 18.2/1000 |
Rows in blue indicate data used to derive incidence of neonatal sepsis. ND = Not documented