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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jul 6.
Published in final edited form as: Circ Res. 2018 Jul 6;123(2):138–158. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.118.313251

Figure 5. Potential mechanisms whereby transplanted cells modulate the various components of the immune system.

Figure 5

Cells injected into the host secrete a panoply of factors that affect the function of various immune cells, locally (paracrine actions) and potentially at a distance (endocrine actions), as detailed in the text.