Figure 1.

Non‐resolving cycle of autoinflammation in the lung and its related diseases. Chronic inflammation of the lungs results from the accumulation of a number of different factors, ranging from environmental insults (cigarette smoke, viral, bacterial, air pollution etc) to genetic predisposition; these cycles feed into each other resulting in innate immune driven autoinflammation, and ultimately results in chronic inflammation of the lungs, without resolution. A number of innate immune cells, such as neutrophils, monocytes and epithelial cells of the bronchi, play pivotal roles in the excessive response to stimuli and combine to secrete a range of inflammatory cytokines. DPB, diffuse panbronchiolitis; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder; CF, cystic fibrosis; RA, rheumatoid arthritis.