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. 2018 Jul 18;6:21. doi: 10.1038/s41413-018-0022-y

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 9 — Primary cilia regulates PTH signaling in NP cells for disc anabolic activity. a 3D PPCT and immunostaining images showing that PTH effect on IVDs diminished in IFT88^−/− mice. PPCT Scale bar, 500 μm. Safranin-O Scale bars, 100 μm. b Quantitative analysis of IVD volume and (c) IVD histological scores of (a). d Western blot analysis of pCREB in NP cells isolated from IFT88^−/− or IFT88^+/+ mice injected with iPTH or vehicle with or without shear stress. e Immunostaining for pSmad2/3 (brown), CCN2 and ACAN (red) with DAPI (blue) in 2-month IFT88^−/− or IFT88^+/+ mice treated with PTH or vehicle. pSmad2/3 and CCN2 Scale bar, 50 μm; ACAN Scale bar, 100 μm. f, g and h Quantitative analysis of percentages of pSmad2/3 positive cells in NP area and CCN2 and ACAN-positive area of total IVD area. *P < 0.05. n = 8, per group. Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA and Student's t-test. All data are reported as the mean ± s.d.