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. 2018 Jul 17;8:10814. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-29144-9

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Ceramide is not increased in biliary tract cancer compared to normal biliary tract tissue. The levels of total ceramide (a) and each ceramide species (C14:0, C16:0, C18:1, C18:0, C20:0, C22:0, C24:1, C24:0, C26:1, and C26:0) (b) in biliary tract cancer (n = 15) and normal biliary tract tissue (n = 17) were determined by LC-ESI-MS/MS. (c) The gene expression levels of CERS1, CERS2, CERS3, CERS4, CERS5, CERS6, ACER1, ACER2, ACER3, ASAH1 and ASAH2 in TCGA cohort (36 and 9 samples of cancer and non-cancer tissue in cholangiocarcinoma cohort) were analyzed. Mean values are shown by the horizontal lines. Two-sided P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant (Mann-Whitney U test). N: normal biliary tract tissue; C: biliary tract cancer tissue.