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. 2018 Jul 17;8:10814. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-29144-9

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The levels of S1P and SPHK1 are increased in biliary tract cancer compared with normal biliary tract tissue. (a) The levels of the S1P, DHS1P, Sph and DHSph were determined by LC-ESI-MS/MS. (b) The gene expression levels of SPHK1 and SPHK2 in TCGA cohort (36 and 9 samples of cancer and non-cancer tissue in cholangiocarcinoma cohort) were analyzed. (c) The gene expression levels of SGPP1, SGPP2, PLPP1, PLPP2 and PLPP3 in the TCGA cohort were analyzed. (d) The gene expression level of SGPL1 in the TCGA cohort was analyzed. (e) The gene expression levels of ABCC1, ABCG2 and SPNS2 in the TCGA cohort were analyzed. Mean values are shown by the horizontal lines. Two-sided P values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant (Mann-Whitney U test). N: normal biliary tract tissue; C: biliary tract cancer tissue.