Table 2.

Involvement of EPAC proteins in human patient pathologies

Pathology	EPAC1 Expression or Mutation	EPAC2 Expression or Mutation
Alzheimer’s disease and autism	↑AD: prefrontal cortex/hippocampus (680)	↓AD: prefrontal cortex/hippocampus (680)
		↑AD: 3 SNPs (1207)
		↑Autism: 4 missense mutations (40, 1044)
Depression	SNP (696)	↑Prefrontal cortex/hippocampus of suicide victims (259)
Heart failure	↑Left ventricle (692)
COPD/cigarette smoke	↓Lung tissue (786)
Thyroid malignancies	↑Differentiated (109), ↓undifferentiated (109)
Cancer	↑Gastric cancer (991), ↑breast cancer (567), ↑pancreatic cancer (636)

AD, Alzheimer’s disease; SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism. Reference numbers are in parentheses.