FIGURE 21.

Ca²⁺ microdomains in Bergmann glia. Stimulation of parallel fibers triggers local calcium signals in Bergmann glial cells. A: experimental protocol. Parallel fibers (PF) were stimulated via a pipette connected to a stimulator (STIM) while calcium-dependent fluorescence responses were recorded in a Bergmann glial cell (BG). PCL, Purkinje cell layer. B: confocal fluorescence intensity image of a patch-clamped Bergmann glial cell dialyzed with the calcium indicator Oregon green 488 BAPTA-1 (right). Two processes were distinguished (indicated as 1, 2). C: calcium signals in response to PF stimulation were measured independently for each process (left). Time of PF stimulation is marked by arrows. D: the responding process (1) was further subdivided into regions of interest, in which calcium signals were measured separately (right). Time of PF stimulation is marked by an arrow and a dotted line. (From Matyiash, Grosche, Reichenbach, Verkhratsky, and Kettenmann, unpublished data.)