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. 2018 Jul 11;9:1004. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01004

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2

SlLYK12 is required for AM symbiosis. (A,B) Images of roots inoculated with Rhizophagus irregularis after infiltration with VIGS-GUS control (A) and VIGS-SlLYK12 constructs (B). (C,D) Rate of total root colonization by R. irregularis 3 and 6 weeks post inoculation (wpi), respectively. (E,F) Ratio of root fragments containing hyphopodia and arbuscules at 3 and 6 wpi, respectively. Plants were inoculated with R. irregularis 4 weeks after infiltration with VIGS-SlLYK1, -12, -13, or VIGS-GUS constructs. Roots were stained with trypan blue to visualize fungal structures. The rate of root colonization was calculated using the grid line intersect method (100 intersects for each plant and six plants for each construct). Images were taken 6 wpi. Arbuscules are indicated by arrows. (G) The expression levels of SlLYK1, SlLYK12, and SlLYK13 in roots inoculated with or without R. irregularis (AMF). (H) The expression levels of mycorrhizal responsive genes and fungal housekeeping gene. RNA was extracted from the roots of VIGS-SlLYK12-infiltrated plants and controls. Gene expression was detected by qRT-PCR. Data are expressed as means ± SD from three biological replicates. Asterisks indicate significant differences from the VIGS-GUS control (Student’s t-test: ∗P ≤ 0.05, ∗∗P ≤ 0.01).