Table 2.
Crude and adjusted hazard ratios for the association between the use of sulfonylureas as second line treatment and the risk of the study outcomes
| Exposure | No of patients | No of events | Person years | Incidence rate (95% CI) per 1000 person years | Crude hazard ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI)* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Myocardial infarction | ||||||
| Metformin | 23 551 | 152 | 24 673 | 6.2 (5.3 to 7.2) | Reference | Reference |
| Sulfonylureas | 23 551 | 185 | 23 858 | 7.8 (6.7 to 9.0) | 1.25 (1.01 to 1.55) | 1.26 (1.01 to 1.56) |
| Ischaemic stroke | ||||||
| Metformin | 23 636 | 137 | 24 791 | 5.5 (4.7 to 6.5) | Reference | Reference |
| Sulfonylureas | 23 636 | 162 | 24 015 | 6.7 (5.8 to 7.9) | 1.22 (0.97 to 1.53) | 1.24 (0.99 to 1.56) |
| Cardiovascular death | ||||||
| Metformin | 23 548 | 203 | 25 176 | 8.1 (7.0 to 9.3) | Reference | Reference |
| Sulfonylureas | 23 548 | 226 | 24 011 | 9.4 (8.3 to 10.7) | 1.17 (0.97 to 1.41) | 1.18 (0.98 to 1.43) |
| All cause mortality | ||||||
| Metformin | 23 592 | 533 | 24 742 | 21.5 (19.8 to 23.5) | Reference | Reference |
| Sulfonylureas | 23 592 | 657 | 24 060 | 27.3 (25.3 to 29.5) | 1.27 (1.13 to 1.42) | 1.28 (1.15 to 1.44) |
| Severe hypoglycaemia | ||||||
| Metformin | 23 555 | 18 | 24 905 | 0.7 (0.5 to 1.1) | Reference | Reference |
| Sulfonylureas | 23 555 | 132 | 23 919 | 5.5 (4.7 to 6.5) | 7.59 (4.64 to 12.43) | 7.60 (4.64 to 12.44) |
*
The models for myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke, cardiovascular death, and severe hypoglycaemia were adjusted for age, sex, deciles of high-dimensional propensity score, and history of the respective outcome in the year before cohort entry (or, for the case of cardiovascular death, history of myocardial infarction or ischaemic stroke). The model for all cause mortality was adjusted for age, sex, and deciles of high-dimensional propensity score.