Table 1.
Participant Characteristics by Severity of Depressive Symptoms (N = 3,157).
| Total n (%) | Minimal (0-4) | Mild (5-9) | Moderate severe (10+) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), n (%) | |||||
| 60-64 | 530 (16.88) | 436 (82.26) | 66 (12.45) | 28 (5.28) | <.001*** |
| 65-69 | 679 (21.63) | 561 (82.62) | 78 (11.49) | 40 (5.89) | |
| 70-74 | 593 (18.89) | 483 (81.45) | 63 (10.62) | 47 (7.93) | |
| 75-79 | 563 (17.94) | 431 (76.55) | 80 (14.21) | 52 (9.24) | |
| 80 and above | 774 (24.66) | 589 (76.10) | 96 (12.40) | 89 (11.50) | |
| Gender, n (%) | |||||
| Male | 1,318 (41.99) | 1,105 (83.84) | 136 (10.32) | 77 (5.84) | <.001*** |
| Female | 1,821 (58.01) | 1,395 (76.61) | 247 (13.56) | 179 (9.83) | |
| Education (years), n (%) | |||||
| 0-8 | 1,527 (48.82) | 1,215 (79.57) | 181 (11.85) | 131 (8.58) | .84 |
| 0-12 | 939 (30.02) | 748 (79.66) | 117 (12.46) | 74 (7.88) | |
| 13 and above | 662 (21.16) | 530 (80.06) | 84 (12.69) | 48 (7.25) | |
| Income (in US$), n (%) | |||||
| 0-4,999 | 1,038 (33.30) | 822 (79.19) | 123 (11.85) | 93 (8.96) | <.01** |
| 5,000-9,999 | 1,614 (51.78) | 1,258 (77.94) | 216 (13.38) | 140 (8.67) | |
| 10,000-14,999 | 310 (9.95) | 263 (84.84) | 28 (9.03) | 19 (6.13) | |
| 15,000 and more | 155 (4.97) | 139 (89.68) | 13 (8.39) | 3 (1.94) | |
| Marital status, n (%) | |||||
| Married | 2,224 (71.35) | 1,818 (81.74) | 252 (11.33) | 154 (6.92) | <.001*** |
| Separated | 56 (1.80) | 41 (73.21) | 8 (14.29) | 7 (12.50) | |
| Divorced | 74 (2.37) | 57 (77.03) | 11 (14.86) | 6 (8.11) | |
| Widowed | 763 (24.48) | 570 (74.71) | 105 (13.76) | 88 (11.53) | |
| Number of children, n (%) | |||||
| 0-1 | 468 (14.93) | 350 (74.79) | 71 (15.17) | 47 (10.04) | <.05* |
| 2-3 | 1,738 (55.46) | 1,418 (81.59) | 197 (11.33) | 123 (7.08) | |
| 4 and more | 928 (29.61) | 729 (78.56) | 113 (12.18) | 86 (9.27) | |
| Living arrangement, n (%) | |||||
| Living alone | 671 (21.38) | 516 (76.90) | 91 (13.56) | 64 (9.54) | .17 |
| 1-2 | 1,566 (49.90) | 1,250 (79.82) | 184 (11.75) | 132 (8.43) | |
| 3 or more | 901 (28.71) | 733 (81.35) | 108 (11.99) | 60 (6.66) | |
| Years in the United States, n (%) | |||||
| 0-9 | 703 (22.50) | 572 (81.37) | 79 (11.24) | 52 (7.40) | .74 |
| 10-19 | 936 (29.95) | 737 (78.74) | 125 (13.35) | 74 (7.91) | |
| 20-29 | 819 (26.21) | 654 (79.85) | 97 (11.84) | 68 (8.30) | |
| 30 and more | 667 (21.34) | 527 (79.01) | 79 (11.84) | 61 (9.15) | |
| Years in the community, n (%) | |||||
| 0-9 | 1,619 (51.73) | 1,270 (78.44) | 214 (13.22) | 135 (8.34) | .29 |
| 10-19 | 790 (25.24) | 640 (81.01) | 90 (11.39) | 60 (7.59) | |
| 20-29 | 461 (14.73) | 381 (82.65) | 47 (10.20) | 33 (7.16) | |
| 30 and more | 260 (8.31) | 205 (78.85) | 28 (10.77) | 27 (10.38) | |
| Country of origin, n (%) | |||||
| Mainland China | 2,907 (93.02) | 2,316 (79.67) | 355 (12.21) | 236 (8.12) | .54 |
| Hong Kong/Macau | 105 (3.36) | 85 (80.95) | 10 (9.52) | 10 (9.52) | |
| Taiwan | 44 (1.41) | 34 (77.27) | 6 (13.64) | 4 (9.09) | |
| Vietnam/Thailand/Philippine/Malaysia | 58 (1.86) | 41 (70.69) | 11 (18.97) | 6 (10.34) | |
| United States/Canada | 11 (0.35) | 11 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Medical comorbidities, M (SD) | |||||
| Medical conditions | 1.95 (1.42) | 2.42 (1.49) | 2.55 (1.59) | <.001*** | |
Note. *p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001.