Table 4.
Logistic Regressions of Neuroticism and Conscientiousness Tertiles and Loneliness.
| Model A | Model B | Model C | Model D | Model E | Model F | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds ratio [95% CI] | ||||||
| Neuroticism and loneliness | ||||||
| Age | 1.02 [1.01, 1.03]*** | 1.03 [1.02, 1.03]*** | 1.00 [0.99, 1.02] | 1.00 [0.98, 1.01] | 0.99 [0.98, 1.01] | 0.99 [0.98, 1.01] |
| Female | 1.02 [0.87, 1.20] | 1.07 [0.91, 1.26] | 0.85 [0.69, 1.04] | 0.77 [0.62, 0.94] | 0.75 [0.61, 0.92]** | 0.79 [0.64, 0.96]* |
| Education | 1.02 [1.00, 1.04]* | 1.03 [1.01, 1.05]** | 0.99 [0.97, 1.02] | 0.99 [0.97, 1.02] | 0.99 [0.96, 1.01] | |
| Income | 0.95 [0.89, 1.02] | 0.87 [0.80, 0.95]** | 0.87 [0.79, 0.96]* | 0.88 [0.80, 0.96]** | 0.89 [0.81, 0.97]* | |
| Married | 0.35 [0.27, 0.47]*** | 0.34 [0.26, 0.45]*** | 0.34 [0.26, 0.45]*** | 0.33 [0.25, 0.44]*** | ||
| Living arrangement (N) | 1.01 [0.91, 1.12] | 1.06 [0.95, 1.17] | 1.06 [0.95, 1.17] | 1.05 [0.95, 1.17] | ||
| Children alive (N) | 0.95 [0.89, 1.03] | 0.98 [0.91, 1.06] | 0.98 [0.91, 1.06] | 0.97 [0.91, 1.05] | ||
| Grandchildren alive (N) | 0.90 [0.74, 1.08] | 0.85 [0.70, 1.02] | 0.84 [0.70, 1.02] | 0.86 [0.71, 1.03] | ||
| Years in United States | 1.01 [1.00, 1.02] | 1.01 [1.00, 1.02] | 1.01 [1.00, 1.01] | |||
| Cantonese/Taishanese | 0.45 [0.35, 0.59]*** | 0.45 [0.35, 0.59]*** | 0.45 [0.34, 0.58]*** | |||
| Medical comorbidities | 1.07 [1.00, 1.14] | 1.05 [0.99, 1.13] | ||||
| Social support | 0.93 [0.91, 0.95]*** | |||||
| Neuroticism low | Reference | |||||
| Neuroticism mid | 1.55 [1.26, 1.90]*** | 1.53 [1.24, 1.89]*** | 1.57 [1.21, 2.03]*** | 1.54 [1.19, 1.99]*** | 1.52 [1.18, 1.97]** | 1.51 [1.17, 1.95]** |
| Neuroticism high | 3.80 [3.14, 4.59]*** | 3.82 [3.15, 4.62]*** | 3.98 [3.15, 5.04]*** | 3.97 [3.14, 5.02]*** | 3.92 [3.10, 4.96]*** | 3.59 [2.84, 4.54]*** |
| Conscientiousness and loneliness | ||||||
| Age | 1.01 [1.00, 1.03]* | 1.02 [1.01, 1.03]** | 1.00 [0.99, 1.02] | 1.00 [0.98. 1.01] | 0.99 [0.98, 1.01] | 0.99 [0.98, 1.01] |
| Female | 1.14 [0.97, 1.35] | 1.20 [1.01, 1.43]* | 1.00 [0.81, 1.23] | 0.90 [0.73, 1.11] | 0.87 [0.71, 1.08] | 0.91 [0.73, 1.12] |
| Education | 1.02 [1.01, 1.04]** | 1.03 [1.01, 1.06]** | 1.00 [0.97, 1.02] | 0.99 [0.97, 1.02] | 0.99 [0.96, 1.02] | |
| Income | 0.92 [0.86, 1.00]* | 0.86 [0.79, 0.94]** | 0.85 [0.77, 0.94]** | 0.86 [0.78, 0.94]** | 0.87 [0.79, 0.96]** | |
| Married | 0.37 [0.27, 0.49]*** | 0.36 [0.26, 0.48]*** | 0.36 [0.27, 0.48]*** | 0.34 [0.26, 0.46]*** | ||
| Living arrangement (N) | 1.00 [0.90, 1.11] | 1.05 [0.94, 1.17] | 1.05 [0.94, 1.17] | 1.05 [0.94, 1.17] | ||
| Children alive (N) | 0.93 [0.86, 1.00] | 0.95 [0.88, 1.03] | 0.95 [0.88, 1.03] | 0.95 [0.88, 1.02] | ||
| Grandchildren alive (N) | 0.88 [0.73, 1.07] | 0.83 [0.69, 1.01] | 0.83 [0.69, 1.01] | 0.85 [0.70, 1.02] | ||
| Years in United States | 1.01 [1.00, 1.02] | 1.01 [1.00, 1.02] | 1.01 [1.00, 1.02] | |||
| Cantonese/Taishanese | 0.48 [0.36, 0.64]*** | 0.48 [0.36, 0.63]*** | 0.46 [0.35, 0.61]*** | |||
| Medical comorbidities | 1.09 [1.01, 1.16]* | 1.07 [1.00, 1.15]* | ||||
| Social support | 0.91 [0.89, 0.94]*** | |||||
| Conscientiousness low | Reference | |||||
| Conscientiousness mid | 0.71 [0.58, 0.86]*** | 0.70 [0.57, 0.85]*** | 0.82 [0.64, 1.05] | 0.84 [0.66, 1.07] | 0.85 [0.66, 1.08] | 0.85 [0.67, 1.08] |
| Conscientiousness high | 0.60 [0.49, 0.73]*** | 0.58 [0.47, 0.71]*** | 0.67 [0.53, 0.86]** | 0.71 [0.56, 0.90]** | 0.71 [0.56, 0.90]** | 0.76 [0.60, 0.96]* |
Note. CI = confidence interval; N = number.
*
p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001.