Table 1.
Descriptive Statistics for Focal Independent Variables, Dependent Variables, and Control Variables: The 2011-2013 PINE Study (N = 2,929).
| Mean/Percentage (PCT) | |
|---|---|
| Focal variables | |
| Social engagement | 21.07 (9.08) |
| Cognitive activity | 12.06 (5.86) |
| Social activity | 9.01(4.76) |
| Hopelessness | 15.41 (5.68) |
| Loneliness | 0.56 (1.18) |
| Sociodemographics | |
| Age | 72.53 (8.19) |
| Gender | |
| Male | 42.40 (PCT) |
| Female | 57.60 (PCT) |
| Marital status | |
| Married | 72.48 (PCT) |
| Others | 27.52 (PCT) |
| Years of schooling | 8.77 (5.01) |
| Annual income | 1.94 (1.14) |
| ADLs | 0.32 (1.87) |
| IADLs | 3.48 (5.97) |
| Medical conditions | 2.05 (1.46) |
Note. Standard deviations are in parentheses. For annual income, there are three ordinal categories (1 = US$0-US$4,999; 2 = US$5,000-US$9,999; 3 = US$10,000 or more) and median/mode = 2 (US$5,000-US$9,999). PINE = Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago; ADL = activity of daily living; IADL = instrumental activity of daily living.