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Microenvironment imbalance of spinal cord injury.
① Hemorrhage and ischemia.
② Scar formation.
③ Demyelination and re-myelination.
④ Differentiation balance of endogenous neural stem cells.
⑤ Transformation of the phenotypes of microglia and macrophages.
⑥ Imbalance of neurotrophic factors and their pro-peptides.
⑦ Imbalance of the cytokines and chemokines.
Endo-NSC: endogenous neural stem cell.
