Table 1.

Summary of tested black fly traps and their prospects as replacements for HLCs.

Author/Date of Publication/Reference	Name of Black fly trap tested	Ability to attract anthropophilic females (YES/NO)	Prospect as Replacement of HLCs
Walsh (1978) [10]	Light traps	NO	Need for more research in the area
Service (1979) [11]	Light traps	YES	Need for research in this area
Thompson (1976) [12]	Sticky traps, Fan traps, enclosure trap, slat trap	YES	Vital findings on the importance of smell as attractants
Walsh (1980) [13]	Sticky traps	YES	Offered little promise in terms of replacing HLCs
Lamberton et al (2014) [14]	Cow-baited tents, human odour baited tents, biconical traps, and electric traps	YES (human odour baited tents showed most promise)	Setup too cumbersome. However, it demonstrated importance of smell as attractants in traps
Rodriguez-Perez et al (2013) [19]	Verticle Bellac plaque, Esperanza Window Trap (original), BG Sentinel, Clear Window Trap, Esperanza Window Trap (modified), Horizontal Bellac Plaque and Human Silhouette Trap	YES ( the Esperanza Window Trap was the most promising)	EWTs though promising, still need some optimization
Toé et al (2014) [20]	Esperanza Window Traps (original and modified designs)	YES	EWTs though promising needs some optimization
Hendy et al (2017) [21]	Esperanza Window Trap (original and modified)	YES	EWTs though promising needs more optimization and testing in other countries