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. 2018 Jul 3;2018:2390234. doi: 10.1155/2018/2390234

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Copyright © 2018 Thais Fernanda Moreira et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

PMC Copyright notice

Cell death analysis in HaCaT cells. Cytomorphological viability assay for (a) EERs, (c) HFRs, (e) emodin, and (g) physcion. Annexin-V assay for (b) EERs, (d) HFRs, (f) emodin, and (h) physcion. Comparison with significant statistical differences between treatments: vehicle (^∗); doxorubicin (d); curcumin (c); EERs: 25 μg/mL (e1); EERs: 50 μg/mL (e2); EERs: 100 μg/mL (e3); HFRs: 25 μg/mL (h1); HFRs: 50 μg/mL (h2); HFRs: 100 μg/mL (h3); emodin: 46.3 μM (n1); emodin: 92.8 μM (n2); emodin: 185.0 μM (n3); physcion: 43.8 μM (p1); physcion: 87.5 μM (p2); physcion: 175.0 μM (p3); and cell status: early apoptosis, late apoptosis, and necrosis. Results are expressed as mean of three independent experiments ± standard error (M ± SE), analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post-test, p ≤ 0.05.