Figure 1.

Overview of folate‐mediated one‐carbon metabolism, links to methylation reactions and nucleotide synthesis (by Cheng TY et al. 2015). THF = tetrahydrofolate; DHF = dihydrofolate; DNMT = DNA methyltransferases; GGH = gamma‐glutamyl‐hydrolase; RFC = reduced folate carrier; Hcy‐tl = homocysteine thiolactone; hFR = human folate receptor; MTHFR = 5,10‐methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase; DHFR = dihydrofolate reductase; GART = glycinamide ribonucleotide transformylase; AICARFT = 5‐amino‐imidazole‐4‐carboxamide ribonucleotide transformylase; AICAR = 5‐aminoimidazole‐4‐carboxamide ribonucleotide; GAR = glycinamide ribonucleotide; SAM (AdoMet) = S‐adenosylmethionine; SAH (AdoHcy) = S‐adenosylhomocysteine; dUMP = deoxyuridine monophosphate; dTMP = deoxythymidine monophosphate; MS = methionine synthase; TS = thymidylate synthase; DNMT = DNA methyltransferases; MTRR = methionine synthase reductase; X = a variety of substrates for methylation