Table 1.
Characterization of subjects included in the study.
| Normal (n = 30) | Metabolic syndrome (n = 30) | Type 2 DM without metabolic syndrome (n = 30) | Type 2 DM with metabolic syndrome (n = 30) | ANOVA p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 38 ± 7.7 | 44 ± 8.5 | 47 ± 9.7 | 51 ± 5.7 | 0.001 |
| BMI | 22.6 ± 2.3 | 30.2 ± 2.9 | 25.3 ± 2.5 | 28.1 ± 2.4 | 1.4 × 10 −21 |
| Waist circumference | 85 ± 5.8 | 104 ± 6.7 | 91 ± 6.4 | 102 ± 5.4 | 3.1 × 10 −25 |
| Systolic blood pressure | 117 ± 9 | 136 ± 14 | 119 ± 15 | 136 ± 15 | 5.9 × 10 −9 |
| Diastolic blood Pressure | 76 ± 7 | 90 ± 10 | 77 ± 12 | 89 ± 12 | 2.2 × 10 −8 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dl) | 139 ± 51 | 199 ± 74 | 211 ± 81 | 233 ± 81 | 1.8 × 10 −5 |
| HDL-c (mg/dl) | 44 ± 8.6 | 42 ± 6.0 | 40 ± 5.7 | 40 ± 5.1 | 0.039847 |
| FBG (mmol/l) | 5.1 ± 0.4 | 5.5 ± 0.6 | 10.0 ± 3.7 | 10.7 ± 3.1 | 6.2 × 10 −19 |
| Insulin (pmol/l) | 50 ± 21 | 116 ± 35 | 72 ± 30 | 88 ± 34 | 1.4 × 10 −12 |
| HOMA-IR | 1.1 (0.9–1.2) | 2.5 (2.2–2.8) | 2.0 (1.6–2.4) | 2.3 (2.0–2.7) | 1.6 × 10 −12 |
| HOMA-β | 89 (79–102) | 144 (128–162) | 39 (31–49) | 39 (31–49) | 1.5 × 10 −21 |