Table 1.
Family names, forms of preparation, used part of the plants, medicinal effects cited by population, the pharmacological effects tested for cited plants with the references, and the divergence between the cited effects by population and pharmacological tests.
| Family Scientific name/common name |
Forms of preparation/used part | Medicinal effects cited by population | Pharmacological tests | Divergences |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acanthaceae | ||||
|
| ||||
| Hygrophila tyttha Leonard/Tame-male | Infusion/Part air plant | Calmative [26] | Anxiolytic effect, anticonvulsant and sedative [26] | No |
|
| ||||
| Justicia pectoralis Jacq./Anador | Decoction/Leaf | Headache [27] | Anxiolytic and depressor Neural Central System [28], analgesic and anti-inflammatory [29], estrogenic, progestagenic and anti-inflammatory effects [30], antioxidant [31] | No |
|
| ||||
| Alismataceae | ||||
|
| ||||
| Echinodorus grandiflorus (Cham. & Schltdl.) Mich./Hat leatherback | Decoction/Leaf | Analgesic [21] | Anti-inflammatory and analgesic [32, 33], diuretic [33], antihypertensive [34, 35] | No |
|
| ||||
| Amaranthaceae | ||||
|
| ||||
| Alternanthera paronychioides St-Hil./Anador | Not found/Leaf, stalk | Analgesic [36] | Antioxidant [37] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Apiaceae | ||||
|
| ||||
| Apium graveolens L./Celery | Not found/Complete plant | Calmative [36] | Vasorelaxant and antihypertensive [38] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Coriandrum sativum L./Coriander | Infusion/Seed | Headache [39] | Antioxidant [40], anti-inflammatory [41], antibacterial [42], anxiolytic, sedative and muscle relaxant [43], antifungal [44], hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective [45], analgesic [46] | No |
|
| ||||
| Pimpinella anisum L./Fennel | Infusion/Seed | Calmative [7, 27, 39, 47–49] | Antibacterial [50], neuroprotective and anticonvulsant [51], antiviral and immunostimulating [52], antioxidant [53], anticancer [54] | No |
|
| ||||
| Foeniculum vulgareMill./Fennel | Decoction/Stalk | Headache and calmative [13, 36, 55–60] | Antimicrobial [61], diuretic [62], antihelminthic [63], antioxidant [64], anxiolytic [65] | No |
|
| ||||
| Aquifoliaceae | ||||
|
| ||||
| Ilex paraguariensis/Erva Mate | Infusion/leaves, branches | Stimulant [66] | Stimulant [66] | No |
|
| ||||
| Araliaceae | ||||
|
| ||||
|
Didymopanax macrocarpum (C. & S.) Seem./ Five leaves |
Compress, bathe/Leaf | Analgesic [67] | Not found | Not found |
|
| ||||
| Hedera helix/Hiedra | Cataplasm/Leaf | Analgesic, neuritis, neuralgia [68] | Expectorant and antitussive [69], mucolytic and bronchodilator [70], anti-inflammatory [71] | No |
|
| ||||
| Aristolochiaceae | ||||
|
| ||||
| Aristolochia esperanzae O. Kuntze./Papo de peru, cipo-millhomem | Decoction/Complete plant | Analgesic [67] | Antiophidic activity [72], antimicrobial [73] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Aristolochia gilbertii Hook/Milhomem | Infusion/Root | Headache [7] | Not found | Not found |
|
| ||||
|
Aristolochia melastoma Manso ex. Duchtra/Capitãozinho |
Decoction/Root, leaf | Sedative [67] | Not found | Not found |
|
| ||||
| Asteraceae | ||||
|
| ||||
| Achillea millefolium L./Ponta-alívio | Decoction/Complete plant | Calmative, analgesic [21, 36, 47, 57, 74, 75] | Immunostimulating [76] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Achyrocline satureioides D.C./Macela | Infusion/Flower | Sedative, calmative, headache [56, 67, 75, 77, 78] | Anticancer [79], calmative effect, anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic [80], antiviral [81] | No |
|
| ||||
| Artemisia absinthium L./Losna | Decoction/Leaf | Analgesic [21, 82] | Anticancer [83], antifungal [84], antibacterial [85], antileishmanial [86] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Artemisia camphorata Vill./Camphor | Infusion/Leaves | Calmative [58] antiepileptic [87] | Not found | Not found |
|
| ||||
| Artemisia vulgaris L./Artemisia | Not found | Headache [88] | Antifungal [89] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschter/Camomile | Infusion/Flower | Calmative, sedative [36, 39, 48, 57, 90–92] | Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory [92, 93], gastroprotection [94], antihyperglycemic and antioxidant [95] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Chrysanthemum parthenium Bernhadi/Artemisia | Decoction, infusion/Leaves | Calmative [78] | Not found | Not found |
|
| ||||
| Cynara scolymus L./Artichoke | Not found | Calmative [74] | Diuretic [96], prolonged satiety sensation and hypoglycemic [97], antioxidant [98] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Lactuca sativa L./Lettuce | In nature, infusion/Leaves, root | Calmative, sedative [74, 99] | Antioxidant [100] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Matricaria chamomilla L./Camomile | Infusion/Leaves | Calmative [56, 75, 78, 101, 102] | Antibacterial and antioxidant [103] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Mikania hirsutissima DC./Cipó-cabeludo | Not found | Calmative [67, 104] | Antiophidic activity and antidiarrheal [105] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Solidago chilensis Meyen/Arnica | Compress/Complete plant | Analgesic [106] | Anti-inflammatory [107] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Spilanthes oleracea/Anestesiol | Not found | Anesthetic [108] | Peptic antiulcer and contraception [109] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Tanacetum sp./Macelinha | Decoction/Complete plant | Analgesic [23] | Not found | Not found |
|
| ||||
| Tanacetum vulgare L./Catinga-de-mulata | Decoction, maceration/Leaves | Analgesic [23] | Antibacterial and antifungal [110], antiviral [111], cytotoxic [112], treatment of infections caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania amazonensis [113], immunomodulatory [114], antihelminthic [115] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Vernonia cf. condensata Baker./Boldo do chile | Infusion/Bark | Calmative [57] | Antitumor and anti-inflammatory [116], antioxidant [117] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Bignoniaceae | ||||
|
| ||||
| Anemopaegma arvense/Catuaba | Infusion, decoction/Root, bark, leaves | Nervous exhaustion [118] | Increased weight and testicular parenchyma [119], antifungal [120] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Bombacaceae | ||||
|
| ||||
| Eriotheca candolleana (K. Schum.)/Catuaba | Infusion/Root | Nervous exhaustion [121] | Not found | Not found |
|
| ||||
| Boraginaceae | ||||
|
| ||||
| Cordia verbenacea DC./Maria preta | Bathe/Leaves | Analgesic [49] | Antimicrobial [122], anti-inflammatory [123] | No |
|
| ||||
| Brassicaceae | ||||
|
| ||||
|
Coronopus didymus (L.) Smith/Mastruz |
Maceration/Leaves | Analgesic [49] | Healing [124], anti-inflammatory [125] | No |
|
| ||||
| Bromeliaceae | ||||
|
| ||||
| Tillandsia usneoides (L.) L/Barba de velho | Not found | Antiepileptic [49] | Abortion [126], antiviral [127] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Buddlejaceae | ||||
|
| ||||
| Buddleja brasiliensis Jacq./Verbasco | Infusion, cataplasm/Part air plant | Calmative [67] | Low potential hemolytic [128] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Burseraceae | ||||
|
| ||||
| Commiphora myrrha (T. Nees) Engl/Myrrh | Infusion/Leaves | Calmative [49] | Antioxidant [117], analgesic [129] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Caesalpiniaceae | ||||
|
| ||||
| Bauhinia forficata Link./Pata de vaca | Decoction/Leaves | Analgesic [23] | Antioxidant and increased liver glycogen [130], antimutagenic [131] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Bauhinia rutilans Spruce ex. Benth/Escada-de-macaco | Infusion/Part air plant | Analgesic [99] | Not found | Not found |
|
| ||||
| Canellaceae | ||||
|
| ||||
| Capsicodendron dinissi Occhioni/Pepper | Not found | Migraine [104] | Not found | Not found |
|
| ||||
| Capparaceae | ||||
|
| ||||
| Cleome spinosa Jacq./Mussambê | Infusion/Complete plant | Headache [132] | Cytotoxic [49], antioxidant [133], anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive [134] | No |
|
| ||||
| Caprifoliaceae | ||||
|
| ||||
| Sambucus nigra L./Elderberry | Decoction/Leaves | Analgesic [23, 49] | Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant [134], parasiticidal [135] | No |
|
| ||||
| Chenopodiaceae | ||||
|
| ||||
| Chenopodium ambrosioides L./Yerba Santa Maria | Maceration, infusion/Leaves, bark, seed | Analgesic, calmative [23, 48, 57] | Antitumor [79], hypotensive [136], antipyretic and anxiolytic [137] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Compositaceae | ||||
|
| ||||
| Baccharis trimera (Less) D.C./Gorse | Infusion/Leaves | Headache [138] | Antiulcer and antioxidant [139], anti-inflammatory [140], anti-inflammatory and analgesic [141] | No |
|
| ||||
| Vernonia condensata B./Boldo | Infusion, decoction/Leaves | Calmative [138] | Antioxidant [117], analgesic [142] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Cucurbitaceae | ||||
|
| ||||
| Cayaponia tayuya (Vell.) Cogn./Taiuia | Infusion, decoction/Root | Neuralgia [67] | Hepatotoxic [142], anti-inflammatory [143] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Dilleniaceae | ||||
|
| ||||
| Davilla rugosa Poir./Vine cabloco | Bathe/Root | Sedative [67] | Antioxidant [144], antiulcer [145] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Euphorbiaceae | ||||
|
| ||||
| Jatropha curcas L./Pião-bravo | Infusion/Seed | Headache [102, 132] | Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor [146], antibacterial, antioxidant and antitumor [147, 148], cytotoxic [149] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Ricinus communis L./Castor beans | Infusion/Leaves | Headache [77, 87] | Antimicrobial and anticancer [150], antimicrobial [151] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Fabaceae | ||||
|
| ||||
| Caesalpinia ferrea Mart. ex. Tul./Pau ferro | Not found | Analgesic [57] | Nutritional supplementation of iron, zinc and manganese [152] anti-inflammatory and healing [153], antihyperglycemic [154], antimicrobial [155] | No |
|
| ||||
| Cajanus flavus De Candolle/Andu beans | Infusion/Leaves | Headache [99] | Not found | Not found |
|
| ||||
| Erythrina falcata Benth/Surina, mulungu | Not found | Sedative and antiepileptic [67, 104] | Depressant CNS [156] | No |
|
| ||||
| Indigofera anil/Anil | Not found | Sedative [107] | Not found | Not found |
|
| ||||
| Indigofera suffruticosa Mill./Anileira | Decoction, infusion/Complete plant | Sedative [67] | Anti-inflammatory [157], lectin activity [158], antiepileptic [159], antiparasitic [160] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Pterodon emarginatus/Sucupira | Infusion/leaves, fruit | Headache [120] | Antimicrobial [161–163], analgesic and anti-inflammatory [164]; antileishmanial, anticancer, hypoglycemic [165] | No |
|
| ||||
| Ginkgoaceae | ||||
|
| ||||
| Ginkgobiloba/Ginco | Decoction, infusion/Leaves | Vasodilator, brain dysfunction, dizziness and concentration and memory [160] | Treatment of Alzheimer disease [166], prevention of dementia [167], antioxidant, vasodilator, stimulant of SNC [168] | No |
|
| ||||
| Geraniaceae | ||||
|
| ||||
|
Pelargonium graveolens L'Her/ Mauve smelling |
Not found | Sedative [87] | Anxiolytic and antidepressant [159], antibacterial [169], hypoglycemic and antioxidant [170] | No |
|
| ||||
| Mimosa pudica L./Dormideira | Infusion/Complete plant | Sedative [99] | Reduction of fertility [171], hepatotoxic [172], lipid-lowering [173], anxiolytic and antipyretic [137], antiophidic [174] | No |
|
| ||||
| Iridaceae | ||||
|
| ||||
| Calydorea sp./Jabotitana | Decoction/Rhizome | Analgesic [23] | Not found | Not found |
|
| ||||
| Labiatae | ||||
|
| ||||
| Agastache mexicana Kunth/Toronjil | Not found | Sedative [102] | Antihypertensive [175], vasorelaxant [176], anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive [177], antinociceptive [178], anxiolytic [179] | No |
|
| ||||
| Lavandula latifolia/Lavanda | Oil | Stimulant [68] | Anxiolytic [180], antifungal [181], antioxidant [182] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Origanum vulgare/oregano | Infusion/Leaf | Sedative [68] | Antimicrobial [183] proapoptotic effect and cytotoxic [184], antiurolithic [185] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Lamiaceae | ||||
|
| ||||
| Coleus barbatus Benth./Falso-boldo | Tisane mate/Leaf | Headache, calmative [56] | Hepatoprotective [186] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Cunila microcephala Benth./Hortelã-miúdo, hortelã-pimenta, poejo | Decoction/Complete plant | Analgesic [23, 58] | Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant [187] | No |
|
| ||||
| Hyptis suaveolens Poit./Samba-coité | Tea/Leaf | Headache [188] | Hypoglycemic and antioxidant [189], hepatoprotective and antioxidant [190], gastroprotective activity [191], neuroprotective and antioxidant [192], antifungal [193] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Lavandula officinalis Chaix & Kitt/Alfazema | Tea/Leaf, stalk | Calmative [49] | Antimicrobial [194], antioxidant [195], sedative and hypnotic [196] | No |
|
| ||||
| Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R. Br./Cordão de São Francisco | Infusion, decoction/Leaf, branches | Sedative, headache [132, 138] | Antimicrobial [197], anti-inflammatory [198] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Melissa officinalisL./Erva-cidreira, melissa | Decoction/Leaf | Calmative, migraine, sedative [23, 36, 55, 58, 59, 87, 89, 90, 101, 102, 138, 199] | Anti-inflammatory [200], calmative [201], antioxidant [202], antigenotoxic and antimutagenic [203], neuroprotective [199, 204] | No |
|
| ||||
| Mentha arvensis L./Hortelã-mentol | Tea/Leaf | Headache [188] | Antibacterial [205], antifungal [206], anti-inflammatory and sedative [207], peptic antiulcer [208] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Mentha cf. suaveolens Ehrh./Hortelã, hortelã-grande | Decoction, maceration/Leaf | Calmative, Analgesic [23, 199] | Antifungal [209, 210], antioxidant [211], antibacterial [212] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Mentha piperita L./Hortelã, hortelã-roxo | Decoction/Complete plant | Analgesic [23, 102] | Antifungal [213, 214], antioxidant [211], anthelmintic [215], hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic [216], anticancer [217] analgesic [218] | No |
|
| ||||
| Mentha pulegium L./Poejo | Decoction/Stalk | Calmative, sedative [47, 56, 58, 78] | Antioxidant [211], antimicrobial [219] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Mentha sp./Hortelã | Decoction/Stalk | Headache, Calmative [36, 47, 49, 55–57] | Anthelmintic [215] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Mentha spicata L./∗ | ∗∗∗ | Headache [87] | Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic [216], antioxidant [220], antiemetic [221] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Mentha × villosa Huds./Hortelã | Tea/Leaf | Headache [188] | Antifungal and antibacterial [222], antimicrobial and antioxidant [223], analgesic and antispasmodic [153] | No |
|
| ||||
| Ocimum basilicum L./Alfavaca | Decoction, maceration/Leaf | Calmative, analgesic [23, 39] | Antidepressant and anticonvulsant [224] | Yes |
|
| ||||
|
Ocimum gratissimum L./l Louro |
Tea/Leaf | Headache, calmative [49, 87, 188] | Anticonvulsant [225, 226], antifungal [227] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Ocimum minimum L./Manjericão | Maceration/Leaf | Headache [94] | Antiulcerogenic and antioxidant [35] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Ocimum selloi Benth./Alfavaca | Infusion, tea/Leaf | Calmative [138] | Antibacterial [219], analgesic and antidiarrheal [220] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Origanum majoranaL./Manjerona | Decoction/Stalk | Calmative [56] | Antibacterial [228], antioxidant [49], antimetastatic and antitumor [229], antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic [230] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Plectranthus barbatus Andr./Boldo | Decoction, maceration/Leaf | Analgesic [23, 57, 60] | Cytotoxic [231], acetylcholinesterase inhibitor [232], antimicrobial [233] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Plectranthus neochilus Schlechter/Boldo do Chile | Infusion/Leaf | Headache [89] | Analgesic [234] | No |
|
| ||||
| Rosmarinus officinalis L./Alecrim | Decoction/Leaf | Analgesic, calmative [23, 39, 48, 58, 59, 102, 138, 235] | Antibacterial [236], antioxidant [237], antifungal [238], anticancer [239], antidepressant [240], analgesic [241], antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, metal chelation [242], prevention and treatment of dementia [243], neuroprotective [244] | No |
|
| ||||
| Salvia lachnostachys Benth./Melissa | Decoction/Leaf | Somniferous [23, 78] | Anti-inflammatory and analgesic [244] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Salvia lavandulifolia Vahl./Mariselva | Oil/∗∗ | Nervous disorders [245] | Hypoglycemic [245], neuroprotective [246] | No |
|
| ||||
| Salvia officinalis L./Salvia, barcelona | Decoction/Leaf | Calmative, Analgesic [23] | Antibacterial [228], anti-inflammatory [247], antidiarrheal and antispasmodic [185], analgesic and anti-inflammatory [248] | No |
|
| ||||
| Lauraceae | ||||
|
| ||||
| Cinnamomum zeylanicum Breyn./Canela | Infusion, maceration/Stalk | Calmative [39] | Antifungal [249] antimicrobial [250], antioxidant [251], antidiabetic [252] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Nectandra megapotamica (Spreng.) Mez/Canela-preta | Infusion/leaf | Calmative [253] | Anesthetic [254] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Leguminosae | ||||
|
| ||||
| Acosmium subelegans (Mohlenbr) Yakovl/Perobinha do campo | ∗∗∗ | Sedative, epilepsy and nervous exhaustion [255] | Depressant effect SNC and anticonvulsant [255] | No |
|
| ||||
| Hymenaea courbaril L./Jatobá | Infusion, maceration/Bark, fruit | Sedative [132] | Not found. | Not found |
|
| ||||
| Tamarindus indica/Tamarindo | Compress, bathe, infusion/Stalk, leaves, fruit | Treatment of fever, stomach upset, diarrhea, jaundice and as skin cleansers [256], inflammation, urinary tract infection and laxative [257], headache and stress [258] | Antibacterial [256], antihelminthic [257], antioxidant [259], antinociceptive [260], analgesic and anti-inflammatory [261], antihistaminic and antianaphylactic [262], antiulcer [263] | No |
|
| ||||
| Liliaceae | ||||
|
| ||||
| Allium sativum L./Alho | ∗∗∗ | Headache [59] | Hypotensive [264], synergism with antibiotics [265], antioxidant [266] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Malpighiaceae | ||||
|
| ||||
|
Banisteriopsis caapi/Mariri, ayahuasca |
Decoction, infusion/vine | Hallucinogen, emotional and cognitive sensory changes, psychoactive [267–269] aid in treatment of abuse of other Psychoactives [270] | Hallucinogen [271] inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin, in addition to inhibiting MAO [272] | No |
|
| ||||
| Galphimia glauca/Amarilla | Maceration/Part air plants | Calmative [273] | Anxiolytic [273] | No |
|
| ||||
| Meliaceae | ||||
|
| ||||
| Cedrela fissilis/Cedro-rosa | Infusion/Bark | Headache [121] | Not found | Not found |
|
| ||||
| Moraceae | ||||
|
| ||||
| Cannabis sativa/maconha, marijuana, cânhamo | Oil, inhalation/Leaves, stalk, flowers | Treatment of pain, nausea and vomiting, multiple sclerosis and other neurological disorders, loss of appetite and eating disorders, Insomnia, anxiety and depression, neuroprotective action [274], antiemetic, appetite stimulant [275], clinical and experimental studies in the treatment of dementias [276], schizophrenia, antipsychotic, anxiety [277], antipsychotic [278] | Treatment of pain, nausea and vomiting, multiple sclerosis and other neurological disorders, loss of appetite and eating disorders, Insomnia, anxiety and depression, neuroprotective action [273], antiemetic, appetite stimulant [274], clinical and experimental studies in the treatment of dementias [275], schizophrenia, antipsychotic, anxiety [276], antipsychotic [277], psychoactive [278] | No |
|
| ||||
| Dorstenia brasiliensis Lam./Carapiá | Cataplasm/Rhizome | Anesthetic [67] | Anti-inflammatory [278] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Myrtaceae | ||||
|
| ||||
| Eucalyptus globulus Labill./Eucalipto | Infusion, Bathe/Leaf | Headache [48] | Toxic effect [279], antibacterial [280, 281] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Eugenia uniflora L./Pitangueira | Decoction/Leaf | Calmative [23, 282] | Antimicrobial and antioxidant [283], anti-Trypanosoma cruzi [206] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Orchidaceae | ||||
|
| ||||
| Vanilla planifolia Jack. ex Andrews/Baunilha | ∗∗∗ | Calmative [67] | Not found | Not found |
|
| ||||
| Oxalidaceae | ||||
|
| ||||
| Averrhoa Carambola L./Carambola | Infusion/Leaf | Analgesic [99] | Analgesic [284] | No |
|
| ||||
| Papaveraceae | ||||
|
| ||||
| Papaver somniferum/Planta do ópio | ∗∗∗ | Analgesic and sedative [68] | Not found | Not found |
|
| ||||
| Passifloraceae | ||||
|
| ||||
| Passiflora alata Curtis/Maracujá | Fruit | Calmative [55, 59, 77, 90] | Sedative [285] | No |
|
| ||||
| Passiflora caerulea L./Maracujá | Infusion/Part air plant | Sedative and calmative [91, 286] | Anxiolytic [287] | No |
|
| ||||
| Passiflora edulis Sims./Maracujá | Tea/Leaf | Calmative and insomnia [39, 48, 74, 77, 78, 90, 99, 257] | Anxiolytic [288] | No |
|
| ||||
| Passiflora miersii Mart./Maracujazinho | Infusion/Leaf | Calmative and antidepressant [67] | Not found | Not found |
|
| ||||
| Pedaliaceae | ||||
|
| ||||
| Sesamum orientale L./Gergelim | Seed/Juice | Anticonvulsant [99] | Hypoglycemic [289] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Phytolaccaceae | ||||
|
| ||||
| Petiveria alliacea L./Guiné, tira capeta | Decoction/Complete plant | Analgesic [23, 74, 99, 290] | Antimicrobial [291], antinociceptive, sedative, anticonvulsant and depressant [292] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Piperaceae | ||||
|
| ||||
| Pothomorphe umbellata Miq./Pariparoba | Infusion/Leaf | Headache [121] | Antioxidant [293], antitumor [294], antihelminthic [295] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Poaceae | ||||
|
| ||||
| Cymbopogon citratusStapf./Capim santo, capim limão | Decoction/Leaf | Calmative, analgesic and sedative [7, 23, 27, 36, 39, 47–49, 55–58, 74, 77, 78, 88–90, 99, 101, 102, 138, 296] | Anxiolytic, sedative and anticonvulsant [297] | No |
|
| ||||
| Polygalaceae | ||||
|
| ||||
| Polygala paniculata L./Arnica | Decoction/Complete plant | Analgesic [23] | Analgesic and antidermatogenic [298], antinociceptive and gastric cytoprotective activity [299] | No |
|
| ||||
| Polygonaceae | ||||
|
| ||||
| Homalocladium platycladum Bailey/Carquejinha | Decoction/Stalk | Analgesic [23] | Antibacterial [300], analgesic, anti-inflammatory [301] | No |
|
| ||||
| Rosaceae | ||||
|
| ||||
| Rosa centifolia L./Rosa branca | Decoction/Leaf, flower | Analgesic [23] | Anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic [302], antioxidant [303], antiulcer and cytoprotective [304] | No |
|
| ||||
| Sanguisorba minor Scop./Pimpinela | Tea/Leaf, flower | Calmative [102] | Inhibitory action of acetylcholinesterase [305] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Rubiaceae | ||||
|
| ||||
| Coffea arabica L./Café | Cataplasm/Leaf | Headache [101] | Antioxidant [306], antioxidant and stimulant [307] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Cinchona officinalis L./∗ | Decoction/Bark | Analgesic [23] | Not found | Not found |
|
| ||||
| Psychotria viridis/chacrona, ayahuasca | Infusion/Leaves | Hallucinogen, emotional and cognitive sensory changes, psychoactive [267–269] aid in treatment of abuse of other Psychoactives [268] | Hallucinogen [308] | |
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| Alibertia sp./Marmelo | Decoction, infusion/Root, fruit | Calmative [118] | Not found | Not found |
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| Rutaceae (5) | ||||
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| Casimiroa edulis Llave & Lex./Zapote blanco | ∗∗∗ | Sedative [102] | Vasodilator [309, 310], anticoagulants and antimicrobial [310], anxiolytic [311], anxiolytic and antidepressant [312] | No |
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| Citrus aurantium L./Laranja | Decoction/Bark | Headache and calmative [36, 48, 56, 59, 78, 90, 194] | Low toxicity [313], anxiolytic [314, 315] | Yes |
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| ||||
| Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f./Limão-galego, | ∗∗∗ | Calmative and sedative [90, 194] | Neuroprotective activity and anticonvulsant [316] | Yes |
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| Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck | Infusion/Leaf | Calmative, analgesic and sedative [23, 27, 49, 74, 99, 138] | Antioxidant, antithyroid and antihyperglycemic [317] | Yes |
|
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| Ruta graveolens L./Arruda | Decoction, maceration/Leaf | Calmative and headache [23, 39, 48, 57, 60, 102] | Antimicrobial [318], antioxidant [319], antitumor [320], antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic [321] | Yes |
|
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| Solanaceae | ||||
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| Atropa belladonna L./Beladona | Decoction/Leaf | Calmative [23] | Healing [322] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Cestrum sendtnerianum Mart./Guiné-do-campo | Infusion, Decoction/Leaf | Sedative [67] | Not found | Not found |
|
| ||||
| Solanum americanum Mill./Maria-pretinha | Decoction/Leaf, Stalk | Sedative, Analgesic [45, 67] | Antifungal [323], antioxidant and anticancer [324] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Solanum cernuum Vell/Pata de mono | ∗∗∗ | Calmative [87] | Antiulcerogenic [325] | Yes |
|
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| Umbelliferae | ||||
|
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| Anethum graveolens/Eneldo | ∗∗∗ | Sedative [68] | Antifungal [326], anticonvulsant [327], anti Helicabator pylori [328], decreased fertility rate [329], participates in the regulation of Diabetes Mellitus [330] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Coriandrum sativum/Cilantro | Infusion/Leaf, fruit | Stimulant [68] | Antioxidant [40], sedative and muscle relaxant [43], antibacterial [331], antiarthritic [332], anti-inflamatory [41], antifungal [333], hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic [334] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Petroselinum hortense/Salsa da horta | ∗∗∗ | Sedative [107] | Diuretic and hypotensive [335] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Urticaceae | ||||
|
| ||||
| Urera baccifera (L.)/Urtiga | Leaf | Analgesic [36] | Antioxidant [336], anti-inflamatory [337] | No |
|
| ||||
| Verbenaceae (6) | ||||
|
| ||||
| Aloysia citrodora Palau/Erva luíza | ∗∗∗ | Calmative [74, 286] | Not found. | Not found |
|
| ||||
| Aloysia triphylla Royle/Cidrão | ∗∗/Leaf | Sedative [55, 235] | Treatment of intestinal disorders [338], anti Trypanosoma Cruzi [339], anti-Helicobacter pylori [328], antibacterial [340], spasmolytic and anti-inflammatory [341], antinociceptive [244] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Lantana camara L./Camará | Infusion, Decoction/Leaf | Headache [132] | Antibacterial [342], antioxidant [343], anxiolytic [344] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E. Br./Erva-cidreira | Leaf/Infusion | Headache and calmative [39, 49, 55, 58–61, 75, 77, 94, 97] | Antimicrobial [345], antispasmodic [346], anxiolytic [347], anesthetic [348] | No |
|
| ||||
| Lippia gracillis Schauer/Alecrim da serra | Infusion/Leaf | Headache [132] | Antimicrobial [349], antitumor [350], anti-inflammatory and healing [351] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Verbena cf. minutifolia Phil./∗ | Decoction/Complete plant | Analgesic [23] | Not found | Not found |
|
| ||||
| Violaceae | ||||
|
| ||||
| Viola odorata L./ | ∗∗∗ | Sedative [87] | Antitumoral [352], antioxidant and antibacterial [353], antimicrobial [354], vasodilator and antidyslipidemic [355] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Zingiberaceae | ||||
|
| ||||
| Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) Burtt & Smith/Colônia | Decoction/Leaf | Calmative [39, 48, 49, 101] | Hypotensive [356], vasodilator [357], antioxidant [358] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Zingiber officinale Rosc./Gengibre | Decoction/root | Analgesic and headache [23, 57, 78] | Antioxidant [359], antihyperglycemic [360], antibacterial [361], androgenic [362] | Yes |
|
| ||||
| Costus brasiliensis Schum./Cana-de-macaco | Not found | Calmative [67] | Not found | Not found |
∗It is the popular name that was quoted. ∗∗It was not mentioned how to prepare. ∗∗∗It is the portion used or how to prepare that was quoted.