Table 1.
Family Scientific name/common name |
Forms of preparation/used part | Medicinal effects cited by population | Pharmacological tests | Divergences |
---|---|---|---|---|
Acanthaceae | ||||
| ||||
Hygrophila tyttha Leonard/Tame-male | Infusion/Part air plant | Calmative [26] | Anxiolytic effect, anticonvulsant and sedative [26] | No |
| ||||
Justicia pectoralis Jacq./Anador | Decoction/Leaf | Headache [27] | Anxiolytic and depressor Neural Central System [28], analgesic and anti-inflammatory [29], estrogenic, progestagenic and anti-inflammatory effects [30], antioxidant [31] | No |
| ||||
Alismataceae | ||||
| ||||
Echinodorus grandiflorus (Cham. & Schltdl.) Mich./Hat leatherback | Decoction/Leaf | Analgesic [21] | Anti-inflammatory and analgesic [32, 33], diuretic [33], antihypertensive [34, 35] | No |
| ||||
Amaranthaceae | ||||
| ||||
Alternanthera paronychioides St-Hil./Anador | Not found/Leaf, stalk | Analgesic [36] | Antioxidant [37] | Yes |
| ||||
Apiaceae | ||||
| ||||
Apium graveolens L./Celery | Not found/Complete plant | Calmative [36] | Vasorelaxant and antihypertensive [38] | Yes |
| ||||
Coriandrum sativum L./Coriander | Infusion/Seed | Headache [39] | Antioxidant [40], anti-inflammatory [41], antibacterial [42], anxiolytic, sedative and muscle relaxant [43], antifungal [44], hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective [45], analgesic [46] | No |
| ||||
Pimpinella anisum L./Fennel | Infusion/Seed | Calmative [7, 27, 39, 47–49] | Antibacterial [50], neuroprotective and anticonvulsant [51], antiviral and immunostimulating [52], antioxidant [53], anticancer [54] | No |
| ||||
Foeniculum vulgareMill./Fennel | Decoction/Stalk | Headache and calmative [13, 36, 55–60] | Antimicrobial [61], diuretic [62], antihelminthic [63], antioxidant [64], anxiolytic [65] | No |
| ||||
Aquifoliaceae | ||||
| ||||
Ilex paraguariensis/Erva Mate | Infusion/leaves, branches | Stimulant [66] | Stimulant [66] | No |
| ||||
Araliaceae | ||||
| ||||
Didymopanax macrocarpum (C. & S.) Seem./ Five leaves |
Compress, bathe/Leaf | Analgesic [67] | Not found | Not found |
| ||||
Hedera helix/Hiedra | Cataplasm/Leaf | Analgesic, neuritis, neuralgia [68] | Expectorant and antitussive [69], mucolytic and bronchodilator [70], anti-inflammatory [71] | No |
| ||||
Aristolochiaceae | ||||
| ||||
Aristolochia esperanzae O. Kuntze./Papo de peru, cipo-millhomem | Decoction/Complete plant | Analgesic [67] | Antiophidic activity [72], antimicrobial [73] | Yes |
| ||||
Aristolochia gilbertii Hook/Milhomem | Infusion/Root | Headache [7] | Not found | Not found |
| ||||
Aristolochia melastoma Manso ex. Duchtra/Capitãozinho |
Decoction/Root, leaf | Sedative [67] | Not found | Not found |
| ||||
Asteraceae | ||||
| ||||
Achillea millefolium L./Ponta-alívio | Decoction/Complete plant | Calmative, analgesic [21, 36, 47, 57, 74, 75] | Immunostimulating [76] | Yes |
| ||||
Achyrocline satureioides D.C./Macela | Infusion/Flower | Sedative, calmative, headache [56, 67, 75, 77, 78] | Anticancer [79], calmative effect, anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic [80], antiviral [81] | No |
| ||||
Artemisia absinthium L./Losna | Decoction/Leaf | Analgesic [21, 82] | Anticancer [83], antifungal [84], antibacterial [85], antileishmanial [86] | Yes |
| ||||
Artemisia camphorata Vill./Camphor | Infusion/Leaves | Calmative [58] antiepileptic [87] | Not found | Not found |
| ||||
Artemisia vulgaris L./Artemisia | Not found | Headache [88] | Antifungal [89] | Yes |
| ||||
Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschter/Camomile | Infusion/Flower | Calmative, sedative [36, 39, 48, 57, 90–92] | Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory [92, 93], gastroprotection [94], antihyperglycemic and antioxidant [95] | Yes |
| ||||
Chrysanthemum parthenium Bernhadi/Artemisia | Decoction, infusion/Leaves | Calmative [78] | Not found | Not found |
| ||||
Cynara scolymus L./Artichoke | Not found | Calmative [74] | Diuretic [96], prolonged satiety sensation and hypoglycemic [97], antioxidant [98] | Yes |
| ||||
Lactuca sativa L./Lettuce | In nature, infusion/Leaves, root | Calmative, sedative [74, 99] | Antioxidant [100] | Yes |
| ||||
Matricaria chamomilla L./Camomile | Infusion/Leaves | Calmative [56, 75, 78, 101, 102] | Antibacterial and antioxidant [103] | Yes |
| ||||
Mikania hirsutissima DC./Cipó-cabeludo | Not found | Calmative [67, 104] | Antiophidic activity and antidiarrheal [105] | Yes |
| ||||
Solidago chilensis Meyen/Arnica | Compress/Complete plant | Analgesic [106] | Anti-inflammatory [107] | Yes |
| ||||
Spilanthes oleracea/Anestesiol | Not found | Anesthetic [108] | Peptic antiulcer and contraception [109] | Yes |
| ||||
Tanacetum sp./Macelinha | Decoction/Complete plant | Analgesic [23] | Not found | Not found |
| ||||
Tanacetum vulgare L./Catinga-de-mulata | Decoction, maceration/Leaves | Analgesic [23] | Antibacterial and antifungal [110], antiviral [111], cytotoxic [112], treatment of infections caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania amazonensis [113], immunomodulatory [114], antihelminthic [115] | Yes |
| ||||
Vernonia cf. condensata Baker./Boldo do chile | Infusion/Bark | Calmative [57] | Antitumor and anti-inflammatory [116], antioxidant [117] | Yes |
| ||||
Bignoniaceae | ||||
| ||||
Anemopaegma arvense/Catuaba | Infusion, decoction/Root, bark, leaves | Nervous exhaustion [118] | Increased weight and testicular parenchyma [119], antifungal [120] | Yes |
| ||||
Bombacaceae | ||||
| ||||
Eriotheca candolleana (K. Schum.)/Catuaba | Infusion/Root | Nervous exhaustion [121] | Not found | Not found |
| ||||
Boraginaceae | ||||
| ||||
Cordia verbenacea DC./Maria preta | Bathe/Leaves | Analgesic [49] | Antimicrobial [122], anti-inflammatory [123] | No |
| ||||
Brassicaceae | ||||
| ||||
Coronopus didymus (L.) Smith/Mastruz |
Maceration/Leaves | Analgesic [49] | Healing [124], anti-inflammatory [125] | No |
| ||||
Bromeliaceae | ||||
| ||||
Tillandsia usneoides (L.) L/Barba de velho | Not found | Antiepileptic [49] | Abortion [126], antiviral [127] | Yes |
| ||||
Buddlejaceae | ||||
| ||||
Buddleja brasiliensis Jacq./Verbasco | Infusion, cataplasm/Part air plant | Calmative [67] | Low potential hemolytic [128] | Yes |
| ||||
Burseraceae | ||||
| ||||
Commiphora myrrha (T. Nees) Engl/Myrrh | Infusion/Leaves | Calmative [49] | Antioxidant [117], analgesic [129] | Yes |
| ||||
Caesalpiniaceae | ||||
| ||||
Bauhinia forficata Link./Pata de vaca | Decoction/Leaves | Analgesic [23] | Antioxidant and increased liver glycogen [130], antimutagenic [131] | Yes |
| ||||
Bauhinia rutilans Spruce ex. Benth/Escada-de-macaco | Infusion/Part air plant | Analgesic [99] | Not found | Not found |
| ||||
Canellaceae | ||||
| ||||
Capsicodendron dinissi Occhioni/Pepper | Not found | Migraine [104] | Not found | Not found |
| ||||
Capparaceae | ||||
| ||||
Cleome spinosa Jacq./Mussambê | Infusion/Complete plant | Headache [132] | Cytotoxic [49], antioxidant [133], anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive [134] | No |
| ||||
Caprifoliaceae | ||||
| ||||
Sambucus nigra L./Elderberry | Decoction/Leaves | Analgesic [23, 49] | Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant [134], parasiticidal [135] | No |
| ||||
Chenopodiaceae | ||||
| ||||
Chenopodium ambrosioides L./Yerba Santa Maria | Maceration, infusion/Leaves, bark, seed | Analgesic, calmative [23, 48, 57] | Antitumor [79], hypotensive [136], antipyretic and anxiolytic [137] | Yes |
| ||||
Compositaceae | ||||
| ||||
Baccharis trimera (Less) D.C./Gorse | Infusion/Leaves | Headache [138] | Antiulcer and antioxidant [139], anti-inflammatory [140], anti-inflammatory and analgesic [141] | No |
| ||||
Vernonia condensata B./Boldo | Infusion, decoction/Leaves | Calmative [138] | Antioxidant [117], analgesic [142] | Yes |
| ||||
Cucurbitaceae | ||||
| ||||
Cayaponia tayuya (Vell.) Cogn./Taiuia | Infusion, decoction/Root | Neuralgia [67] | Hepatotoxic [142], anti-inflammatory [143] | Yes |
| ||||
Dilleniaceae | ||||
| ||||
Davilla rugosa Poir./Vine cabloco | Bathe/Root | Sedative [67] | Antioxidant [144], antiulcer [145] | Yes |
| ||||
Euphorbiaceae | ||||
| ||||
Jatropha curcas L./Pião-bravo | Infusion/Seed | Headache [102, 132] | Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor [146], antibacterial, antioxidant and antitumor [147, 148], cytotoxic [149] | Yes |
| ||||
Ricinus communis L./Castor beans | Infusion/Leaves | Headache [77, 87] | Antimicrobial and anticancer [150], antimicrobial [151] | Yes |
| ||||
Fabaceae | ||||
| ||||
Caesalpinia ferrea Mart. ex. Tul./Pau ferro | Not found | Analgesic [57] | Nutritional supplementation of iron, zinc and manganese [152] anti-inflammatory and healing [153], antihyperglycemic [154], antimicrobial [155] | No |
| ||||
Cajanus flavus De Candolle/Andu beans | Infusion/Leaves | Headache [99] | Not found | Not found |
| ||||
Erythrina falcata Benth/Surina, mulungu | Not found | Sedative and antiepileptic [67, 104] | Depressant CNS [156] | No |
| ||||
Indigofera anil/Anil | Not found | Sedative [107] | Not found | Not found |
| ||||
Indigofera suffruticosa Mill./Anileira | Decoction, infusion/Complete plant | Sedative [67] | Anti-inflammatory [157], lectin activity [158], antiepileptic [159], antiparasitic [160] | Yes |
| ||||
Pterodon emarginatus/Sucupira | Infusion/leaves, fruit | Headache [120] | Antimicrobial [161–163], analgesic and anti-inflammatory [164]; antileishmanial, anticancer, hypoglycemic [165] | No |
| ||||
Ginkgoaceae | ||||
| ||||
Ginkgobiloba/Ginco | Decoction, infusion/Leaves | Vasodilator, brain dysfunction, dizziness and concentration and memory [160] | Treatment of Alzheimer disease [166], prevention of dementia [167], antioxidant, vasodilator, stimulant of SNC [168] | No |
| ||||
Geraniaceae | ||||
| ||||
Pelargonium graveolens L'Her/ Mauve smelling |
Not found | Sedative [87] | Anxiolytic and antidepressant [159], antibacterial [169], hypoglycemic and antioxidant [170] | No |
| ||||
Mimosa pudica L./Dormideira | Infusion/Complete plant | Sedative [99] | Reduction of fertility [171], hepatotoxic [172], lipid-lowering [173], anxiolytic and antipyretic [137], antiophidic [174] | No |
| ||||
Iridaceae | ||||
| ||||
Calydorea sp./Jabotitana | Decoction/Rhizome | Analgesic [23] | Not found | Not found |
| ||||
Labiatae | ||||
| ||||
Agastache mexicana Kunth/Toronjil | Not found | Sedative [102] | Antihypertensive [175], vasorelaxant [176], anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive [177], antinociceptive [178], anxiolytic [179] | No |
| ||||
Lavandula latifolia/Lavanda | Oil | Stimulant [68] | Anxiolytic [180], antifungal [181], antioxidant [182] | Yes |
| ||||
Origanum vulgare/oregano | Infusion/Leaf | Sedative [68] | Antimicrobial [183] proapoptotic effect and cytotoxic [184], antiurolithic [185] | Yes |
| ||||
Lamiaceae | ||||
| ||||
Coleus barbatus Benth./Falso-boldo | Tisane mate/Leaf | Headache, calmative [56] | Hepatoprotective [186] | Yes |
| ||||
Cunila microcephala Benth./Hortelã-miúdo, hortelã-pimenta, poejo | Decoction/Complete plant | Analgesic [23, 58] | Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant [187] | No |
| ||||
Hyptis suaveolens Poit./Samba-coité | Tea/Leaf | Headache [188] | Hypoglycemic and antioxidant [189], hepatoprotective and antioxidant [190], gastroprotective activity [191], neuroprotective and antioxidant [192], antifungal [193] | Yes |
| ||||
Lavandula officinalis Chaix & Kitt/Alfazema | Tea/Leaf, stalk | Calmative [49] | Antimicrobial [194], antioxidant [195], sedative and hypnotic [196] | No |
| ||||
Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R. Br./Cordão de São Francisco | Infusion, decoction/Leaf, branches | Sedative, headache [132, 138] | Antimicrobial [197], anti-inflammatory [198] | Yes |
| ||||
Melissa officinalisL./Erva-cidreira, melissa | Decoction/Leaf | Calmative, migraine, sedative [23, 36, 55, 58, 59, 87, 89, 90, 101, 102, 138, 199] | Anti-inflammatory [200], calmative [201], antioxidant [202], antigenotoxic and antimutagenic [203], neuroprotective [199, 204] | No |
| ||||
Mentha arvensis L./Hortelã-mentol | Tea/Leaf | Headache [188] | Antibacterial [205], antifungal [206], anti-inflammatory and sedative [207], peptic antiulcer [208] | Yes |
| ||||
Mentha cf. suaveolens Ehrh./Hortelã, hortelã-grande | Decoction, maceration/Leaf | Calmative, Analgesic [23, 199] | Antifungal [209, 210], antioxidant [211], antibacterial [212] | Yes |
| ||||
Mentha piperita L./Hortelã, hortelã-roxo | Decoction/Complete plant | Analgesic [23, 102] | Antifungal [213, 214], antioxidant [211], anthelmintic [215], hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic [216], anticancer [217] analgesic [218] | No |
| ||||
Mentha pulegium L./Poejo | Decoction/Stalk | Calmative, sedative [47, 56, 58, 78] | Antioxidant [211], antimicrobial [219] | Yes |
| ||||
Mentha sp./Hortelã | Decoction/Stalk | Headache, Calmative [36, 47, 49, 55–57] | Anthelmintic [215] | Yes |
| ||||
Mentha spicata L./∗ | ∗∗∗ | Headache [87] | Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic [216], antioxidant [220], antiemetic [221] | Yes |
| ||||
Mentha × villosa Huds./Hortelã | Tea/Leaf | Headache [188] | Antifungal and antibacterial [222], antimicrobial and antioxidant [223], analgesic and antispasmodic [153] | No |
| ||||
Ocimum basilicum L./Alfavaca | Decoction, maceration/Leaf | Calmative, analgesic [23, 39] | Antidepressant and anticonvulsant [224] | Yes |
| ||||
Ocimum gratissimum L./l Louro |
Tea/Leaf | Headache, calmative [49, 87, 188] | Anticonvulsant [225, 226], antifungal [227] | Yes |
| ||||
Ocimum minimum L./Manjericão | Maceration/Leaf | Headache [94] | Antiulcerogenic and antioxidant [35] | Yes |
| ||||
Ocimum selloi Benth./Alfavaca | Infusion, tea/Leaf | Calmative [138] | Antibacterial [219], analgesic and antidiarrheal [220] | Yes |
| ||||
Origanum majoranaL./Manjerona | Decoction/Stalk | Calmative [56] | Antibacterial [228], antioxidant [49], antimetastatic and antitumor [229], antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic [230] | Yes |
| ||||
Plectranthus barbatus Andr./Boldo | Decoction, maceration/Leaf | Analgesic [23, 57, 60] | Cytotoxic [231], acetylcholinesterase inhibitor [232], antimicrobial [233] | Yes |
| ||||
Plectranthus neochilus Schlechter/Boldo do Chile | Infusion/Leaf | Headache [89] | Analgesic [234] | No |
| ||||
Rosmarinus officinalis L./Alecrim | Decoction/Leaf | Analgesic, calmative [23, 39, 48, 58, 59, 102, 138, 235] | Antibacterial [236], antioxidant [237], antifungal [238], anticancer [239], antidepressant [240], analgesic [241], antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, metal chelation [242], prevention and treatment of dementia [243], neuroprotective [244] | No |
| ||||
Salvia lachnostachys Benth./Melissa | Decoction/Leaf | Somniferous [23, 78] | Anti-inflammatory and analgesic [244] | Yes |
| ||||
Salvia lavandulifolia Vahl./Mariselva | Oil/∗∗ | Nervous disorders [245] | Hypoglycemic [245], neuroprotective [246] | No |
| ||||
Salvia officinalis L./Salvia, barcelona | Decoction/Leaf | Calmative, Analgesic [23] | Antibacterial [228], anti-inflammatory [247], antidiarrheal and antispasmodic [185], analgesic and anti-inflammatory [248] | No |
| ||||
Lauraceae | ||||
| ||||
Cinnamomum zeylanicum Breyn./Canela | Infusion, maceration/Stalk | Calmative [39] | Antifungal [249] antimicrobial [250], antioxidant [251], antidiabetic [252] | Yes |
| ||||
Nectandra megapotamica (Spreng.) Mez/Canela-preta | Infusion/leaf | Calmative [253] | Anesthetic [254] | Yes |
| ||||
Leguminosae | ||||
| ||||
Acosmium subelegans (Mohlenbr) Yakovl/Perobinha do campo | ∗∗∗ | Sedative, epilepsy and nervous exhaustion [255] | Depressant effect SNC and anticonvulsant [255] | No |
| ||||
Hymenaea courbaril L./Jatobá | Infusion, maceration/Bark, fruit | Sedative [132] | Not found. | Not found |
| ||||
Tamarindus indica/Tamarindo | Compress, bathe, infusion/Stalk, leaves, fruit | Treatment of fever, stomach upset, diarrhea, jaundice and as skin cleansers [256], inflammation, urinary tract infection and laxative [257], headache and stress [258] | Antibacterial [256], antihelminthic [257], antioxidant [259], antinociceptive [260], analgesic and anti-inflammatory [261], antihistaminic and antianaphylactic [262], antiulcer [263] | No |
| ||||
Liliaceae | ||||
| ||||
Allium sativum L./Alho | ∗∗∗ | Headache [59] | Hypotensive [264], synergism with antibiotics [265], antioxidant [266] | Yes |
| ||||
Malpighiaceae | ||||
| ||||
Banisteriopsis caapi/Mariri, ayahuasca |
Decoction, infusion/vine | Hallucinogen, emotional and cognitive sensory changes, psychoactive [267–269] aid in treatment of abuse of other Psychoactives [270] | Hallucinogen [271] inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin, in addition to inhibiting MAO [272] | No |
| ||||
Galphimia glauca/Amarilla | Maceration/Part air plants | Calmative [273] | Anxiolytic [273] | No |
| ||||
Meliaceae | ||||
| ||||
Cedrela fissilis/Cedro-rosa | Infusion/Bark | Headache [121] | Not found | Not found |
| ||||
Moraceae | ||||
| ||||
Cannabis sativa/maconha, marijuana, cânhamo | Oil, inhalation/Leaves, stalk, flowers | Treatment of pain, nausea and vomiting, multiple sclerosis and other neurological disorders, loss of appetite and eating disorders, Insomnia, anxiety and depression, neuroprotective action [274], antiemetic, appetite stimulant [275], clinical and experimental studies in the treatment of dementias [276], schizophrenia, antipsychotic, anxiety [277], antipsychotic [278] | Treatment of pain, nausea and vomiting, multiple sclerosis and other neurological disorders, loss of appetite and eating disorders, Insomnia, anxiety and depression, neuroprotective action [273], antiemetic, appetite stimulant [274], clinical and experimental studies in the treatment of dementias [275], schizophrenia, antipsychotic, anxiety [276], antipsychotic [277], psychoactive [278] | No |
| ||||
Dorstenia brasiliensis Lam./Carapiá | Cataplasm/Rhizome | Anesthetic [67] | Anti-inflammatory [278] | Yes |
| ||||
Myrtaceae | ||||
| ||||
Eucalyptus globulus Labill./Eucalipto | Infusion, Bathe/Leaf | Headache [48] | Toxic effect [279], antibacterial [280, 281] | Yes |
| ||||
Eugenia uniflora L./Pitangueira | Decoction/Leaf | Calmative [23, 282] | Antimicrobial and antioxidant [283], anti-Trypanosoma cruzi [206] | Yes |
| ||||
Orchidaceae | ||||
| ||||
Vanilla planifolia Jack. ex Andrews/Baunilha | ∗∗∗ | Calmative [67] | Not found | Not found |
| ||||
Oxalidaceae | ||||
| ||||
Averrhoa Carambola L./Carambola | Infusion/Leaf | Analgesic [99] | Analgesic [284] | No |
| ||||
Papaveraceae | ||||
| ||||
Papaver somniferum/Planta do ópio | ∗∗∗ | Analgesic and sedative [68] | Not found | Not found |
| ||||
Passifloraceae | ||||
| ||||
Passiflora alata Curtis/Maracujá | Fruit | Calmative [55, 59, 77, 90] | Sedative [285] | No |
| ||||
Passiflora caerulea L./Maracujá | Infusion/Part air plant | Sedative and calmative [91, 286] | Anxiolytic [287] | No |
| ||||
Passiflora edulis Sims./Maracujá | Tea/Leaf | Calmative and insomnia [39, 48, 74, 77, 78, 90, 99, 257] | Anxiolytic [288] | No |
| ||||
Passiflora miersii Mart./Maracujazinho | Infusion/Leaf | Calmative and antidepressant [67] | Not found | Not found |
| ||||
Pedaliaceae | ||||
| ||||
Sesamum orientale L./Gergelim | Seed/Juice | Anticonvulsant [99] | Hypoglycemic [289] | Yes |
| ||||
Phytolaccaceae | ||||
| ||||
Petiveria alliacea L./Guiné, tira capeta | Decoction/Complete plant | Analgesic [23, 74, 99, 290] | Antimicrobial [291], antinociceptive, sedative, anticonvulsant and depressant [292] | Yes |
| ||||
Piperaceae | ||||
| ||||
Pothomorphe umbellata Miq./Pariparoba | Infusion/Leaf | Headache [121] | Antioxidant [293], antitumor [294], antihelminthic [295] | Yes |
| ||||
Poaceae | ||||
| ||||
Cymbopogon citratusStapf./Capim santo, capim limão | Decoction/Leaf | Calmative, analgesic and sedative [7, 23, 27, 36, 39, 47–49, 55–58, 74, 77, 78, 88–90, 99, 101, 102, 138, 296] | Anxiolytic, sedative and anticonvulsant [297] | No |
| ||||
Polygalaceae | ||||
| ||||
Polygala paniculata L./Arnica | Decoction/Complete plant | Analgesic [23] | Analgesic and antidermatogenic [298], antinociceptive and gastric cytoprotective activity [299] | No |
| ||||
Polygonaceae | ||||
| ||||
Homalocladium platycladum Bailey/Carquejinha | Decoction/Stalk | Analgesic [23] | Antibacterial [300], analgesic, anti-inflammatory [301] | No |
| ||||
Rosaceae | ||||
| ||||
Rosa centifolia L./Rosa branca | Decoction/Leaf, flower | Analgesic [23] | Anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic [302], antioxidant [303], antiulcer and cytoprotective [304] | No |
| ||||
Sanguisorba minor Scop./Pimpinela | Tea/Leaf, flower | Calmative [102] | Inhibitory action of acetylcholinesterase [305] | Yes |
| ||||
Rubiaceae | ||||
| ||||
Coffea arabica L./Café | Cataplasm/Leaf | Headache [101] | Antioxidant [306], antioxidant and stimulant [307] | Yes |
| ||||
Cinchona officinalis L./∗ | Decoction/Bark | Analgesic [23] | Not found | Not found |
| ||||
Psychotria viridis/chacrona, ayahuasca | Infusion/Leaves | Hallucinogen, emotional and cognitive sensory changes, psychoactive [267–269] aid in treatment of abuse of other Psychoactives [268] | Hallucinogen [308] | |
| ||||
Alibertia sp./Marmelo | Decoction, infusion/Root, fruit | Calmative [118] | Not found | Not found |
| ||||
Rutaceae (5) | ||||
| ||||
Casimiroa edulis Llave & Lex./Zapote blanco | ∗∗∗ | Sedative [102] | Vasodilator [309, 310], anticoagulants and antimicrobial [310], anxiolytic [311], anxiolytic and antidepressant [312] | No |
| ||||
Citrus aurantium L./Laranja | Decoction/Bark | Headache and calmative [36, 48, 56, 59, 78, 90, 194] | Low toxicity [313], anxiolytic [314, 315] | Yes |
| ||||
Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f./Limão-galego, | ∗∗∗ | Calmative and sedative [90, 194] | Neuroprotective activity and anticonvulsant [316] | Yes |
| ||||
Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck | Infusion/Leaf | Calmative, analgesic and sedative [23, 27, 49, 74, 99, 138] | Antioxidant, antithyroid and antihyperglycemic [317] | Yes |
| ||||
Ruta graveolens L./Arruda | Decoction, maceration/Leaf | Calmative and headache [23, 39, 48, 57, 60, 102] | Antimicrobial [318], antioxidant [319], antitumor [320], antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic [321] | Yes |
| ||||
Solanaceae | ||||
| ||||
Atropa belladonna L./Beladona | Decoction/Leaf | Calmative [23] | Healing [322] | Yes |
| ||||
Cestrum sendtnerianum Mart./Guiné-do-campo | Infusion, Decoction/Leaf | Sedative [67] | Not found | Not found |
| ||||
Solanum americanum Mill./Maria-pretinha | Decoction/Leaf, Stalk | Sedative, Analgesic [45, 67] | Antifungal [323], antioxidant and anticancer [324] | Yes |
| ||||
Solanum cernuum Vell/Pata de mono | ∗∗∗ | Calmative [87] | Antiulcerogenic [325] | Yes |
| ||||
Umbelliferae | ||||
| ||||
Anethum graveolens/Eneldo | ∗∗∗ | Sedative [68] | Antifungal [326], anticonvulsant [327], anti Helicabator pylori [328], decreased fertility rate [329], participates in the regulation of Diabetes Mellitus [330] | Yes |
| ||||
Coriandrum sativum/Cilantro | Infusion/Leaf, fruit | Stimulant [68] | Antioxidant [40], sedative and muscle relaxant [43], antibacterial [331], antiarthritic [332], anti-inflamatory [41], antifungal [333], hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic [334] | Yes |
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Petroselinum hortense/Salsa da horta | ∗∗∗ | Sedative [107] | Diuretic and hypotensive [335] | Yes |
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Urticaceae | ||||
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Urera baccifera (L.)/Urtiga | Leaf | Analgesic [36] | Antioxidant [336], anti-inflamatory [337] | No |
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Verbenaceae (6) | ||||
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Aloysia citrodora Palau/Erva luíza | ∗∗∗ | Calmative [74, 286] | Not found. | Not found |
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Aloysia triphylla Royle/Cidrão | ∗∗/Leaf | Sedative [55, 235] | Treatment of intestinal disorders [338], anti Trypanosoma Cruzi [339], anti-Helicobacter pylori [328], antibacterial [340], spasmolytic and anti-inflammatory [341], antinociceptive [244] | Yes |
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Lantana camara L./Camará | Infusion, Decoction/Leaf | Headache [132] | Antibacterial [342], antioxidant [343], anxiolytic [344] | Yes |
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Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E. Br./Erva-cidreira | Leaf/Infusion | Headache and calmative [39, 49, 55, 58–61, 75, 77, 94, 97] | Antimicrobial [345], antispasmodic [346], anxiolytic [347], anesthetic [348] | No |
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Lippia gracillis Schauer/Alecrim da serra | Infusion/Leaf | Headache [132] | Antimicrobial [349], antitumor [350], anti-inflammatory and healing [351] | Yes |
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Verbena cf. minutifolia Phil./∗ | Decoction/Complete plant | Analgesic [23] | Not found | Not found |
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Violaceae | ||||
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Viola odorata L./ | ∗∗∗ | Sedative [87] | Antitumoral [352], antioxidant and antibacterial [353], antimicrobial [354], vasodilator and antidyslipidemic [355] | Yes |
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Zingiberaceae | ||||
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Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) Burtt & Smith/Colônia | Decoction/Leaf | Calmative [39, 48, 49, 101] | Hypotensive [356], vasodilator [357], antioxidant [358] | Yes |
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Zingiber officinale Rosc./Gengibre | Decoction/root | Analgesic and headache [23, 57, 78] | Antioxidant [359], antihyperglycemic [360], antibacterial [361], androgenic [362] | Yes |
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Costus brasiliensis Schum./Cana-de-macaco | Not found | Calmative [67] | Not found | Not found |
∗It is the popular name that was quoted. ∗∗It was not mentioned how to prepare. ∗∗∗It is the portion used or how to prepare that was quoted.