3D model for simulating the tethered endosome dynamics. (A) A schematic of the endosome with multiple dyneins in our 3D model is shown (see Methods and Supporting Material). (X, Y, Z) is the laboratory frame and (a, b, c) is the endosome frame of reference. (B) Random-fixed and clustered-fixed spatial distributions of dyneins on endosomes are shown. (C) Fluid distribution of dyneins on endosomes, which permits the dynein-endosome contacts to diffuse and slide under mechanical torque, is shown. To see this figure in color, go online.