Table 3.

Postoperative complication according to Clavien-Dindo classification [11].

Parameters	Drainage group  (n = 106)	Nondrainage group  (n = 106)	P value
Total complications	16	15	0.15
No. patients with complications (n, %)	12 (11.3%)	14 (13.2%)	0.16
Bile leak (grade IIIa)	2	1	0.22
Fluid collection (grade I)	7	9	0.24
Bile duct injury (grade IIIa)	0	0	0.23
Pulmonary inflammation (grade II)	2	3	0.16
Incision hernia(grade II)	2	1	0.21
Bleeding (grade IIIa)	1	0	0.35
Wound infection(grade II)	2	1	0.21

According to Clavien-Dindo classification of surgical complications. Grade 1 complications required no surgical or medicinal treatment; Grade 2 complications required medicinal therapy; Grade 3 complications required surgical, endoscopic, or radiologic treatment. Grades 1 and 2 were considered as minor complications, whereas Grades 3-5 were considered as major complications.