Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Total (n=33 861) | Triple infection (n=1114) |
HCV–HIV co- infection(n=6149) |
HBV–HIV co- infection (n=2958) |
HIV only (n=23 640) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at start of antiretroviral therapy (years) | 37 (31–46) | 35 (31–40) | 36 (32–41) | 37 (31–46) | 38 (30–48) |
| 18–24 | 2135 (6·3%) | 33 (3·0%) | 188 (3·1%) | 180 (6·1%) | 1734 (7·4%) |
| 25–29 | 4854 (14·3%) | 146 (13·1%) | 699 (11·4%) | 439 (14·8%) | 3570 (15·1%) |
| 30–34 | 6354 (18·8%) | 324 (29·1%) | 1524 (24·8%) | 579 (19·6%) | 3927 (16·6%) |
| 35–39 | 6537 (19·3%) | 329 (29·5%) | 1841 (29·9%) | 506 (17·1%) | 3861 (16·3%) |
| 40–44 | 4669 (13·8%) | 170 (15·3%) | 1188 (19·3%) | 402 (13·6%) | 2909 (12·3%) |
| 45–54 | 4887 (14·4%) | 90 (8·0%) | 574 (9·3%) | 461 (15·6%) | 3762 (15·9%) |
| ≥55 | 4425 (13·1%) | 22 (2·0%) | 135 (2·2%) | 391 (13·2%) | 3877 (16·4%) |
|
| |||||
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 22 534 (66·6%) | 942 (84·6%) | 4951 (80·5%) | 2064 (69·8%) | 14 577 (61·7%) |
| Female | 11 327 (33·4%) | 172 (15·4%) | 1198 (19·5%) | 894 (30·2%) | 9063 (38·3%) |
|
| |||||
| Transmission mode | |||||
| Blood transfusion or previous plasma donation | 418 (1·3%) | 14 (1·3%) | 168 (2·9%) | 43 (1·5%) | 193 (0·9%) |
| Injection drug use | 6959 (22·0%) | 803 (74·8%) | 4457 (75·9%) | 316 (11·3%) | 1383 (6·3%) |
| MSM | 3159 (10·0%) | 8 (0·8%) | 61 (1·0%) | 317 (11·4%) | 2773 (12·7%) |
| Heterosexual | 21 128 (66·7%) | 248 (23·1%) | 1187 (20·2%) | 2113 (75·8%) | 17 580 (80·1%) |
|
| |||||
| Type of treatment centre | |||||
| Infectious disease hospital | 2356 (7·0%) | 53 (4·8%) | 370 (6·0%) | 199 (6·7%) | 1734 (7·4%) |
| Provincial or prefectural hospital | 11 407 (33·8%) | 313 (28·3%) | 2017 (33·0%) | 1126 (38·3%) | 7951 (33·8%) |
| Center for Disease Control and Prevention | 5145 (15·3%) | 89 (8·0%) | 474 (7·8%) | 475 (16·2%) | 4107 (17·4%) |
| County or lower level hospital | 14 809 (43·9%) | 652 (58·9%) | 3253 (53·2%) | 1142 (38·8%) | 9762 (41·4%) |
|
| |||||
| Baseline CD4 count (cells per µL) | 195 (82–283) | 223 (110–306) | 216 (118–301) | 178 (58–271) | 190 (74–278) |
| ≥350 | 2610 (7·9%) | 135 (12·5%) | 773 (12·9%) | 180 (6·2%) | 1522 (6·6%) |
| 200–349 | 13 547 (40·9%) | 459 (42·5%) | 2494 (41·8%) | 1100 (38·0%) | 9494 (40·9%) |
| 50–199 | 11 054 (33·4%) | 341 (31·6%) | 2083 (34·9%) | 967 (33·4%) | 7663 (33·0%) |
| 0–49 | 5927 (17·8%) | 144 (13·4%) | 619 (10·4%) | 647 (22·4%) | 4517 (19·5%) |
|
| |||||
| Alanine aminotransferase concentration (U/L) | |||||
| <40 | 24 358 (72·6%) | 581 (52·7%) | 3338 (54·6%) | 1975 (67·4%) | 18 464 (78·9%) |
| 40–79 | 6768 (20·2%) | 344 (31·2%) | 1800 (29·5%) | 711 (24·3%) | 3913 (16·7%) |
| ≥80 | 2417 (7·2%) | 177 (16·1%) | 970 (15·9%) | 245 (8·4%) | 1025 (4·4%) |
|
| |||||
| Total bilirubin concentration (µmol/L) | |||||
| <17·1 | 28 271 (87·0%) | 827 (79·4%) | 4836 (82·9%) | 2410 (83·9%) | 20 198 (88·8%) |
| ≥17·1 | 4233 (13·0%) | 214 (20·6%) | 999 (17·1%) | 462 (16·1%) | 2558 (11·2%) |
|
| |||||
| Initial antiretroviral regimen | |||||
| AZT+3TC+NVP/EFV | 22 340 (66·0%) | 652 (58·5%) | 3876 (63·0%) | 1646 (55·7%) | 16 166 (68·4%) |
| D4T+3TC+NVP/EFV | 8811 (26·0%) | 286 (25·7%) | 1480 (24·1%) | 731 (24·7%) | 6314 (26·7%) |
| TDF+3TC+NVP/EFV | 2710 (8·0%) | 176 (15·8%) | 793 (12·9%) | 581 (19·6%) | 1160 (4·9%) |
Data are median (IQR) or n (%). All variables were significantly associated with hepatitis co-infection groups (p<0·05). HBV=hepatitis B virus. HCV=hepatitis C virus. MSM=men who have sex with men. AZT=zidovudine. 3TC=lamivudine. NVP=nevirapine. EFV=efavirenz. D4T=stavudine. TDF=tenofovir.