Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Oct 15.
Published in final edited form as: Sci Total Environ. 2018 May 26;639:868–875. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.181

Table 3.

The association between short and long-term exposure to PM2.5 and temperature and cause specific admissions

Cause Exposure Percent change (95% CI)
Respiratory PM2.5 short term 0.41% (0.16%; 0.65%)**
PM2.5, long term 4.09% (3.31%; 4.87%)**
Temperature, short term 8.63% (7.88%; 9.39%)**
Temperature, long term (10th p) 6.24% (6.54%; 5.93%)**
Temperature, long term (90th p) 1.37% (1.28%;1.47%)**
Cardiac PM2.5, short term 0.02% (−0.18%; 0.23%)
PM2.5, long term 6.58% (5.90%; 7.26%)**
Temperature, short term 3.63% (3.01%; 4.25%)**
Temperature, long term (10th p) −2.15% (−2.36%; −1.93%)**
Temperature, long term (90th p) −1.69% (−1.77%; −1.60%)**
Ischemic stroke PM2.5 short term 1.20% (0.71%; 1.69%)**
PM2.5, long term 0.82% (−0.68%; 2.35%)
Temperature, short term −0.08% (−1.49%; 1.34%)
Temperature, long term (10th p) 7.32% (6.68%; 7.96%)**
Temperature, long term (90th p) 0.15% (−0.04%; 0.34%)

Results are presented as percent change and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) for an IQR increase in short term PM2.5 (5.4 μg/m3), long term PM 3, 2.5 (2.3 μg/m) short term temperature (9.2 °C) and long term temperature (2.2 °C). The effect of the long-term exposure to temperature was modeled using penalized splines, results are therefore presented as percent change and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) for IQR increases in the 10th (8 °C) and 90th (10.2 °C) percentile of temperature. We used the moving average of PM2.5 at lag days 0-1 for the calculation of the short-term exposure to PM2.5, temperature ta lag day 0 for the calculation of short-term temperature and annual averages for the long-term exposures of PM2.5 and temperature.

**

p<0.05