Table 1.
Participant characteristics
| Variables | n (%) or mean (SD) | |
|---|---|---|
| Children’s characteristics | Boys | 368 (51.2) |
| Age | 9.3 (1.7) | |
| 1st grade | 126 (17.5) | |
| 2nd grade | 106 (14.7) | |
| 3rd grade | 122 (17.0) | |
| 4th grade | 127 (17.5) | |
| 5th grade | 111 (15.4) | |
| 6th grade | 124 (17.2) | |
| Dietary intake | Vegetable intake (g) | 209.4 (88.3) |
| Fruit intake (g) | 123.4 (91.0) | |
| Vegetable intake (g/1000 kcal) | 115.4 (47.0) | |
| Fruit intake (g/1000 kcal) | 66.6 (45.4) | |
| Total energy intake (kcal) | 1852 (431.3) | |
| Share of vegetable intake from school lunch (%) | 39.1 (14.9) | |
| Share of fruit intake from school lunch (%) | 20.6 (17.1) | |
| Maternal education | Low (<13 years) | 210 (29.6) |
| Medium (13–15 years) | 319 (44.4) | |
| High (>15 years) | 190 (26.4) | |
| Paternal education | Low (<13 years) | 184 (25.6) |
| Medium (13–15 years) | 140 (19.5) | |
| High (>15 years) | 395 (54.9) | |
| Household income (million yen) | 3.48 (1.6) | |
| Maternal employment status | Full-time | 78 (10.8) |
| Part-time | 228 (31.7) | |
| Homemaker | 370 (51.5) | |
| Other job | 43 (6.0) | |
Notes. SD, standard deviation. Share of vegetable intake from school lunch (%) = (vegetable intake from school lunch/total vegetable intake) × 100. Share of fruit intake from school lunch (%) = (fruit intake from school lunch/total fruit intake) × 100. Maternal employment status: ‘homemaker’ includes unemployment and ‘other job’ refers to self-employment or family worker.